1. Gabaɗaya ka'idodin zaɓin kayan aikin atomatik
Gabaɗaya ƙa'idodin zaɓin kayan aikin gwaji (bangaren) da bawul ɗin sarrafawa sune kamar haka:
1. Yanayin tsari
Yanayin zafin jiki, matsa lamba, yawan kwarara, danko, lalata, toxicity, pulsation da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin tsari shine babban yanayin don ƙayyade zaɓi na kayan aiki, wanda ke da alaƙa da ma'anar zaɓin kayan aiki, rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki. da gobara, fashewar fashewa da tsaro na taron bitar.tambaya.
2. Muhimmancin Aiki
Muhimmancin ma'auni na kowane wurin ganowa a cikin aiki shine tushen zaɓin alamar kayan aiki, rikodin rikodi, tarawa, ƙararrawa, sarrafawa, kula da nesa da sauran ayyuka.Gabaɗaya magana, masu canji waɗanda ke da ɗan tasiri akan tsari amma suna buƙatar kulawa akai-akai na iya zaɓar nau'in nuna alama;don mahimman canje-canje waɗanda ke buƙatar sanin canjin canji akai-akai, yakamata a zaɓi nau'in rikodin;kuma wasu sauye-sauye da ke da tasiri mai girma akan tsarin suna buƙatar zama Masu canji waɗanda ake sa ido a kowane lokaci ya kamata a sarrafa su;don sauye-sauye masu alaƙa da ma'auni na kayan aiki da amfani da wutar lantarki waɗanda ke buƙatar aunawa ko lissafin tattalin arziki, ya kamata a saita tarawa;wasu masu canji waɗanda zasu iya shafar samarwa ko aminci yakamata a saita su zuwa ƙararrawa.
3. Tattalin Arziki da Daidaituwa
Zaɓin kayan aikin kuma an ƙaddara ta hanyar sikelin saka hannun jari.A kan yanayin saduwa da buƙatun fasaha da sarrafawa ta atomatik, ya kamata a aiwatar da lissafin tattalin arziki mai mahimmanci don samun daidaitaccen aiki / farashin farashi.
Don sauƙaƙe kulawa da sarrafa kayan aiki, haɗin kai na kayan aiki ya kamata kuma a kula da lokacin zabar samfurin.Yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar samfuran jeri iri ɗaya, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun samfuri da ƙira da masana'anta iri ɗaya.
4. Amfani da samar da kayan aiki
Kayan aikin da aka zaɓa ya kamata ya zama samfurin balagagge, kuma aikin sa an tabbatar da abin dogaro ta hanyar amfani da wurin;a lokaci guda kuma, ya kamata a lura cewa kayan aikin da aka zaɓa ya kamata ya kasance cikin wadataccen wadataccen abinci kuma ba zai shafi ci gaban ginin aikin ba.
Na biyu, zaɓin kayan aikin zafin jiki
<1> Gabaɗaya ƙa'idodi
1. Raka'a da sikelin (ma'auni)
Ma'auni (ma'auni) na kayan aikin zafin jiki yana haɗe a Celsius (°C).
2. Gano (auna) tsayin shigarwa na bangaren
Zaɓin tsayin shigarwa ya kamata ya dogara ne akan ka'idar cewa an shigar da nau'in ganowa (ma'auni) a cikin matsayi na wakilci inda zafin jiki na matsakaicin matsakaici yana da damuwa don canzawa.Koyaya, gabaɗaya, don sauƙaƙe musanyawa, ana zaɓi tsawon gears na farko zuwa na biyu akan na'urar gaba ɗaya.
Lokacin shigar da hayaki, tanderu da kayan aikin masonry tare da kayan rufewar thermal, ya kamata a zaɓa bisa ga ainihin buƙatun.
Abubuwan da ke cikin murfin kariya na abubuwan ganowa (ganewa) kada su kasance ƙasa da kayan kayan aiki ko bututun mai.Idan hannun riga mai siffa ya yi bakin ciki sosai ko baya da juriya ga lalacewa (kamar ma'aunin zafi da sanyio mai sulke), ya kamata a ƙara ƙarin hannun rigar kariya.
Na'urorin zafin jiki, canjin zafin jiki, abubuwan gano yanayin zafin jiki (aunawa) da masu watsawa da aka shigar a wurare masu ƙonewa da fashewa tare da lambobin sadarwa ya kamata su zama hujjar fashewa.
<2> Zaɓin kayan aikin zafin gida
1. Daidaiton aji
Babban ma'aunin zafi da sanyio masana'antu: zaɓi aji 1.5 ko aji 1.
Ma'auni daidai da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio: Class 0.5 ko 0.25 yakamata a zaɓi.
2. Ma'auni
Ƙimar ma'auni mafi girma ba ta fi 90% na babban iyaka na kewayon kayan aiki ba, kuma ma'auni na yau da kullum yana kusan 1/2 na babba na kewayon ma'auni na kayan aiki.
Ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin zafin jiki ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 1/2 da 3/4 na babban iyaka na kewayon kayan aiki.
3. Ma'aunin zafi da sanyio na bimetal
Lokacin saduwa da buƙatun kewayon aunawa, matsa lamba na aiki da daidaito, yakamata a fifita shi.
Diamita na shari'ar gabaɗaya φ100mm.A cikin wuraren da yanayin haske mara kyau, manyan matsayi da tsayin kallo, ya kamata a zaɓi φ150mm.
Hanyar haɗi tsakanin harsashi na kayan aiki da bututun kariya ya kamata gabaɗaya ya zama nau'in duniya, ko kuma ana iya zaɓar nau'in axial ko nau'in radial bisa ga ka'idar lura mai dacewa.
4. Matsa lamba ma'aunin zafi da sanyio
Ya dace da nunin kan-site ko kan-site panel tare da ƙananan zafin jiki a ƙasa -80 ℃, rashin iya kiyayewa a hankali, tare da rawar jiki da ƙananan buƙatun daidaito.
5. Gilashin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio
Ana amfani da shi kawai don lokatai na musamman tare da daidaitattun ma'auni, ƙananan girgiza, babu lalacewar inji da kuma lura mai dacewa.Koyaya, bai kamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin zafin jiki na mercury ba saboda haɗarin mercury.
6. Tushen kayan aiki
Don shigar da kayan aunawa da sarrafawa (daidaitacce), a kan-site ko a kan kayan aikin, yakamata a yi amfani da kayan zafin jiki na nau'in tushe.
7. Canjin yanayin zafi
Ya dace da lokatai inda ake buƙatar fitarwar siginar lamba don auna zafin jiki.
<3> Zaɓin kayan aikin zafin jiki na tsakiya
1. Gano (aunawa) sassan
(1) Dangane da kewayon ma'aunin zafin jiki, zaɓi thermocouple, juriya na thermal ko thermistor tare da madaidaicin lambar kammala karatun.
(2) Thermocouples sun dace da al'amuran yau da kullun.Juriya na thermal sun dace da aikace-aikacen da ba tare da girgiza ba.Thermistors sun dace da lokatai da ke buƙatar amsa saurin aunawa.
(3) Dangane da buƙatun abin ma'aunin don saurin amsawa, ana iya zaɓar abubuwan gano (a'auni) abubuwan madaidaicin lokaci masu zuwa:
Thermocouple: 600s, 100s da 20s matakai uku;
Juriya na thermal: 90～180s, 30～90s, 10～30s da <10s aji hudu;
Thermistor: <1s.
(4) Dangane da yanayin muhalli na amfani, zaɓi akwatin mahaɗa bisa ga ka'idodi masu zuwa:
Nau'in na yau da kullun: wuraren da mafi kyawun yanayi;
Fasa-hujja, mai hana ruwa: rigar ko buɗaɗɗen iska;
Mai hana fashewa: wurare masu ƙonewa da fashewa;
Nau'in soket: don lokuta na musamman kawai.
(5) Gabaɗaya, ana iya amfani da hanyar haɗin zaren, kuma yakamata a yi amfani da hanyar haɗin flange don lokuta masu zuwa:
Shigarwa akan kayan aiki, bututun da aka lika da bututun ƙarfe mara ƙarfe;
Crystallization, tabo, toshewa da kuma mai saurin lalata kafofin watsa labarai:
Kafofin watsa labarai masu ƙonewa, fashewar abubuwa masu guba.
(6) Thermocouples da thermal resistances amfani da su a lokuta na musamman:
A yanayin rage gas, inert gas da injin inda zafin jiki ya fi 870 ℃ da hydrogen abun ciki ne fiye da 5%, tungsten-rhenium thermocouple ko hurawa thermocouple aka zaba;
Yanayin zafin jiki na kayan aiki, bangon waje na bututun bututun da kuma jujjuya jiki, zaɓi yanayin zafi ko sulke mai sulke da juriya na thermal;
Don matsakaici mai ƙunshe da ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi, an zaɓi thermocouple mai jurewa;
A cikin akwati na kariya na nau'in ganowa (a'auni), lokacin da ake buƙatar ma'aunin zafin jiki da yawa, ana zaɓar ma'auni mai yawa (reshe) thermocouples;
Domin adana kayan bututun kariya na musamman (kamar tantalum), haɓaka saurin amsawa ko buƙatar lankwasawa da shigar da ɓangaren gano (a'auni), ana iya zaɓin thermocouple mai sulke.
2. Mai watsawa
An zaɓi masu watsawa don ma'auni ko tsarin sarrafawa wanda ya dace da daidaitaccen kayan aikin nunin sigina.
Game da biyan buƙatun ƙira, ana ba da shawarar zaɓar mai watsawa wanda ke haɗa ma'auni da watsawa.
3. Nuni kayan aiki
(1) Ya kamata a yi amfani da alamar gabaɗaya don nuni ɗaya, a yi amfani da alamar dijital don nuni mai yawa, kuma a yi amfani da na'urar rikodin gabaɗaya idan ana buƙatar tuntuɓar bayanan tarihi.
(2) Don tsarin ƙararrawar sigina, mai nuna alama ko mai rikodi tare da fitowar siginar lamba ya kamata a zaɓi.
(3) Ya kamata a yi amfani da na'ura mai matsakaicin girma (kamar mai rikodin maki 30) don yin rikodi mai yawa.
4. Zaɓin kayan aikin taimako
(1) Lokacin da maki da yawa ke raba kayan aikin nuni ɗaya, ya kamata a zaɓi canji tare da ingantaccen inganci.
(2) Ana amfani da thermocouples don auna zafin da ke ƙasa da 1600 ° C.Lokacin da canjin zafin mahaɗin sanyi ya sa tsarin aunawa ya kasa cika buƙatun daidaito, kuma kayan aikin nunin ba shi da aikin ramuwa na junction sanyi ta atomatik, ya kamata a zaɓi madaidaicin ma'aunin sanyi ta atomatik.
(3) Wayar biya
a.Dangane da adadin thermocouples, lambar kammala karatun da yanayin muhalli na amfani, waya diyya ko kebul na ramuwa wanda ya dace da buƙatun yakamata a zaɓi.
b.Zaɓi matakan wayoyi daban-daban na ramuwa ko igiyoyin ramuwa bisa ga yanayin zafi:
-20～+100℃ zabi talakawa sa;
-40 ~ +250 ℃ zaži zafi-resistant sa.
c.A wuraren da ke da dumama wutar lantarki ko ƙarfin wutar lantarki da filayen maganadisu, ya kamata a yi amfani da wayoyi na ramuwa masu kariya ko igiyoyin diyya masu kariya.
d.Ya kamata a ƙayyade yanki na yanki na waya ramuwa bisa ga ƙimar juriya na tsayin daka da tsayin daka da juriya na waje da aka yarda da kayan aikin nuni mai goyan baya, mai watsawa ko mu'amalar kwamfuta.
3. Zaɓin kayan aikin matsa lamba
<1> Zaɓin ma'aunin matsi
1. Zaɓi bisa ga yanayin amfani da yanayin matsakaicin ma'auni
(1) A cikin matsanancin yanayi kamar ƙaƙƙarfan gurɓataccen yanayi, ƙura da yawa da kuma fesa ruwa mai sauƙi, ya kamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin matsa lamba mai rufaffiyar nau'in.
(2) Don tsarma nitric acid, acetic acid, ammonia da sauran kafofin watsa labarai na gabaɗaya, yakamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin matsi mai jure acid, ma'aunin matsa lamba ammonia ko ma'aunin matsi na diaphragm bakin karfe.
(3) Dilute hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid gas, nauyi mai da makamantansu kafofin watsa labarai tare da karfi da lalata, m barbashi, viscous ruwa, da dai sauransu, ya kamata a yi amfani da diaphragm matsa lamba ma'auni ko diaphragm matsa lamba ma'auni.Dole ne a zaɓi kayan diaphragm ko diaphragm bisa ga halaye na matsakaicin ma'auni.
(4) Don kafofin watsa labaru irin su crystallization, scarring da high danko, ya kamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin matsa lamba na diaphragm.
(5) A cikin yanayin girgizar injina mai ƙarfi, yakamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin matsa lamba mai jurewa ko ma'aunin ma'aunin ruwa.
(6) A cikin lokatai masu ƙonewa da fashewar abubuwa, idan ana buƙatar siginar lamba na lantarki, yakamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin fashewar fashewar.
(7) Ya kamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin matsi na musamman don ma'auni masu zuwa:
Gas ammonia, ruwa ammonia: ammoniya matsa lamba ma'auni, injin ma'auni, matsa lamba injin ma'auni;
Oxygen: Oxygen matsa lamba ma'auni;
Hydrogen: Ma'aunin hawan hydrogen;
Chlorine: chlorine-resistant matsa lamba ma'auni, matsa lamba injin ma'auni;
Acetylene: Ma'aunin matsa lamba na acetylene;
Hydrogen sulfide: sulfur-resistant matsa lamba ma'auni;
Lye: alkali-resistant matsa lamba ma'auni, matsa lamba injin ma'auni.
2. zabin matakin daidaito
(1) Ma'auni na matsa lamba, diaphragm matsa lamba na diaphragm da diaphragm ma'aunin ma'auni da aka yi amfani da su don ma'auni na gaba ɗaya ya kamata su kasance matsayi na 1.5 ko 2.5.
(2) Ma'aunin matsi don ma'auni daidai da daidaitawa ya kamata a ba su 0.4, 0.25 ko 0.16.
3. Zaɓin girma na waje
(1) Ma'aunin matsa lamba da aka sanya akan bututun da kayan aiki yana da diamita mara kyau na φ100mm ko φ150mm.
(2) Ma'aunin matsa lamba da aka sanya akan bututun pneumatic na kayan aiki da kayan aikin sa na taimako yana da diamita mara kyau na φ60mm.
(3) Don ma'aunin matsa lamba da aka sanya a wurare tare da ƙananan haske, matsayi mai girma da kuma wuyar lura da dabi'un nuni, ƙananan diamita shine φ200mm ko φ250mm.
4. Zaɓin kewayon aunawa
(1) Lokacin auna matsi mai tsayayye, ƙimar matsi na aiki na yau da kullun yakamata ya zama 2/3 zuwa 1/3 na babba na kewayon ma'auni na kayan aiki.
(2) Lokacin auna matsa lamba (kamar matsa lamba a bakin famfo, compressor da fan), ƙimar matsa lamba na yau da kullun yakamata ya zama 1/2 zuwa 1/3 na babban iyaka na kewayon kayan aikin. .
(3) Lokacin auna matsa lamba mai girma da matsakaici (mafi girma fiye da 4MPa), ƙimar matsa lamba na yau da kullun kada ta wuce 1/2 na babba na kewayon ma'auni na kayan aiki.
5. Raka'a da sikelin (ma'auni)
(1) Duk kayan aikin matsa lamba za su yi amfani da raka'a auna doka.Wato: Pa (Pa), kilopascal (kPa) da megapascal (MPa).
(2) Don ayyukan ƙira masu alaƙa da ƙasashen waje da kayan da aka shigo da su, ana iya ɗaukar ma'auni na duniya gabaɗaya ko daidaitattun ƙa'idodi na ƙasa.
<2> Zaɓin watsawa da firikwensin
(1) Lokacin watsawa tare da siginar daidaitaccen (4 ~ 20mA), yakamata a zaɓi mai watsawa.
(2) A cikin yanayi masu ƙonewa da fashewa, ya kamata a yi amfani da na'urorin watsawa na pneumatic ko masu ba da wutar lantarki da ke hana fashewa.
(3) Don crystallization, scarring, clogging, danko da kuma m kafofin watsa labarai, flange-type watsawa kamata a yi amfani da.Dole ne a zaɓi kayan da ke cikin hulɗar kai tsaye tare da matsakaici bisa ga halaye na matsakaici.
(4) Don lokatai da yanayin amfani yana da kyau kuma daidaiton aunawa da amincin ba su da girma, nau'in juriya, nau'in inductance nau'in ma'aunin matsa lamba mai nisa ko mai watsa matsi na Hall.
(5) Lokacin auna ƙaramin matsa lamba (kasa da 500Pa), za'a iya zaɓar mai watsawa daban.
<3> Zaɓin kayan haɗi na shigarwa
(1) Lokacin auna tururin ruwa da kafofin watsa labarai tare da zafin jiki sama da 60 ° C, yakamata a yi amfani da gwiwar hannu mai siffa mai siffar karkace ko U.
(2) Lokacin auna iskar gas mai sauƙi, idan matsi ya fi mita, ya kamata a yi amfani da mai raba.
(3) Lokacin auna iskar gas mai ƙura, yakamata a zaɓi mai tara ƙura.
(4) Lokacin auna matsa lamba, yakamata a yi amfani da dampers ko buffers.
(5) Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kusa ko ƙasa da wurin daskarewa ko daskarewa na matsakaiciyar aunawa, yakamata a ɗauki matakan gano adiabatic ko zafi.
(6) Ya kamata a zaɓi akwatin kariyar kayan aiki (zazzabi) a cikin lokuta masu zuwa.
Maɓallin matsi da masu watsawa don shigarwa na waje.
Matsalolin matsa lamba da masu watsawa da aka shigar a cikin tarurrukan bita tare da mummunan lalata yanayi, ƙura da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa.
Na hudu, zaɓin mita masu gudana
<1> Gabaɗaya ƙa'idodi
1. Zabin ma'auni
Ma'auni na kayan aiki ya kamata ya dace da bukatun ma'auni na kayan aiki.Lokacin da ma'aunin ma'auni ba lamba ba ne, yana da dacewa don canza karatun, kuma ana iya zaɓar shi bisa ga ma'auni.
(1) Square tushen sikelin kewayon
Matsakaicin kwarara bai wuce 95% na cikakken sikelin ba;
Ruwa na al'ada shine 70% zuwa 85% na cikakken sikelin;
Matsakaicin kwarara bai kasa da 30% na cikakken sikelin ba.
(2) Kewayon ma'auni na layi
Matsakaicin kwarara bai wuce 90% na cikakken sikelin ba;
Ruwa na al'ada shine 50% zuwa 70% na cikakken sikelin;
Matsakaicin kwarara bai gaza 10% na cikakken ma'auni ba.
2. Daidaiton kayan aiki
Na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita don auna makamashi za ta bi ka'idodin Gabaɗaya Dokokin don Kayan aiki da Gudanar da Kayan Auna Makamashi na Kasuwanci (Trial).
(1) Don auna ma'aunin man fetur mai shiga da fitarwa, ± 0.1%;
(2) Ma'auni don nazarin fasaha da tattalin arziki na ƙungiyoyin bita da hanyoyin fasaha, ± 0.5% zuwa 2%;
(3) Don ma'aunin masana'antu da na ruwa, ± 2.5%;
(4) Don ma'aunin tururi gami da tururi mai zafi da cikakken tururi, ± 2.5%;
(5) Don auna iskar gas, gas da iskar gas, ± 2.0%;
(6) Ma'auni na man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi don kayan aiki masu amfani da makamashi mai mahimmanci da sarrafa tsari, ± 1.5%;
(7) Ma'auni na sauran ruwayen aiki masu kuzari (kamar matsa lamba, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, ruwa, da dai sauransu) da ake amfani da su don sarrafa tsari, ± 2%.
3. Naúrar kwarara
Matsakaicin girma shine m3 / h, l / h;
Yawan taro a kg/h, t/h;
A cikin daidaitaccen jihar, ƙimar ƙarar iskar gas shine Nm3/h (0°C, 0.1013MPa)
<2> Zaɓin na'urorin auna yawan ruwa, ruwa da tururi
1. Daban-daban matsa lamba mai gudana
(1) Na'urar magudanar ruwa
① Na'urar maƙarƙashiya daidai
Don auna kwararar ruwa na gabaɗaya, yakamata a yi amfani da daidaitattun na'urori masu maƙarƙashiya (daidaitattun faranti, madaidaicin nozzles).Zaɓin daidaitaccen na'urar maƙarƙashiya dole ne ya bi tanadin GB2624-8l ko daidaitaccen daidaitaccen ISO 5167-1980.Idan akwai sabbin ka'idoji na kasa, yakamata a aiwatar da sabbin dokokin.
② Na'urar da ba ta dace ba
Wadanda suka cika waɗannan sharuɗɗan za su iya zaɓar bututun Venturi:
Ana buƙatar ma'auni daidai a ƙananan asarar matsa lamba;
Matsakaicin da aka auna shine gas mai tsabta ko ruwa;
Diamita na ciki na bututu yana cikin kewayon 100-800mm;
Matsin ruwa yana cikin 1.0MPa.
Idan waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun cika, ana iya amfani da farantin bango biyu:
Matsakaicin da aka auna shine gas mai tsabta da ruwa;
Lambar Reynolds ta fi (daidai da) 3000 kuma ƙasa da (daidai da)) 300000.
Waɗanda suka cika waɗannan sharuɗɗa na iya zaɓar bututun ƙarfe 1/4:
Matsakaicin da aka auna shine gas mai tsabta da ruwa;
Lambar Reynolds ta fi 200 kuma ƙasa da 100,000.
Idan waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun cika, za a iya zaɓar farantin ramin zagaye:
Kafofin watsa labaru masu datti (kamar fashewar tanderu gas, laka, da sauransu) waɗanda zasu iya samar da laka kafin da bayan farantin bango;
Dole ne ya kasance yana da bututu masu kwance ko kwance.
③Zaɓin hanyar ɗaukar matsi
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da cewa duk aikin ya kamata ya ɗauki hanyar ɗaukar matsi mai ƙarfi gwargwadon iko.
Gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukar hanyar haɗin kusurwa ko matsi na flange.
Dangane da yanayin amfani da buƙatun aunawa, ana iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin ɗaukar matsin lamba kamar ɗaukar radial.
(2) Zaɓin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'in watsawa daban-daban
Ya kamata a ƙayyade zaɓi na kewayon matsin lamba bisa ga lissafin.Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a zaɓi shi gwargwadon matsi na aiki daban-daban na ruwan:
Ƙananan matsa lamba: 6kPa, 10kPa;
Matsakaicin matsa lamba: 16kPa, 25kPa;
Babban matsa lamba: 40kPa, 60kPa.
(3) Matakan inganta daidaiton ma'auni
Don ruwaye tare da babban zafin jiki da sauye-sauyen matsa lamba, ya kamata a yi la'akari da matakan ramawa zafin jiki da matsa lamba;
Lokacin da tsayin sashin bututun madaidaiciya na bututun bai isa ba ko kuma ya haifar da kwararar juyawa a cikin bututun, yakamata a yi la'akari da matakan gyaran ruwa, kuma a zaɓi mai daidaita diamita na bututun daidai.
(4) Nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in matsi na musamman
①Steam mai motsi
Don kwararar cikakken tururi, lokacin da daidaiton da ake buƙata bai wuce 2.5 ba, kuma ana ƙididdige shi a gida ko nesa, ana iya amfani da mitar kwararar tururi.
② Gina na'urar bututun ruwa
Don ma'aunin micro kwarara na ruwa mai tsabta, tururi da gas ba tare da dakatar da daskararru ba, lokacin da kewayon kewayon bai fi 3: 1 ba, daidaiton ma'auni bai yi girma ba, kuma diamita na bututun bai wuce 50mm ba, ginin da aka gina a ciki. Za'a iya zaɓar ma'aunin fulogi.Lokacin auna tururi, zafin tururi bai wuce 120 ℃ ba.
2. Na'urar motsi na yanki
lokacin da zuwa Lokacin da daidaito bai wuce 1.5 ba kuma kewayon kewayon bai wuce 10: 1 ba, za'a iya zaɓar na'urar motsi na rotor.
(1) Gilashin rotameter
Gilashin rotor flowmeter za a iya amfani da shi don nuni na gida na ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, matsa lamba ƙasa da 1MPa, zafin jiki ƙasa da 100 ° C, mai tsabta da m, mara guba, mara ƙonewa da fashewa, maras lalata da kuma rashin bin gilashin.
(2) Karfe rotameter
① Talakawa karfe bututu rotameter
Yana da sauƙi ga tururi, mai sauƙi don tarawa, mai guba, mai ƙonewa, mai fashewa, kuma baya ƙunshi abubuwan maganadisu, fibers da abubuwan abrasive, kuma ba shi da lalacewa zuwa bakin karfe (1Crl8Ni9Ti) don ƙarami da matsakaicin ma'aunin ruwa.Lokacin da ake buƙatar alamar gida ko watsa siginar nesa, ana iya amfani da rotameter na ƙarfe na yau da kullun.
② Nau'in ƙarfe na musamman na bututu rotameter
Jaket Metal Tube Rotameter
Lokacin da matsakaicin auna yana da sauƙi don crystallize ko vaporize ko yana da ɗanko mai tsayi, za a iya zaɓar rotameter ƙarfe mai jakunkuna.Ana wuce matsakaicin dumama ko sanyaya ta cikin jaket.
Anti-lalata karfe bututu rotameter
Don auna magudanar ruwa na matsakaicin lalata, ana iya amfani da bututun ƙarfe mai jujjuyawa mai jujjuyawar lalata.
(3) Rotameter
Ana buƙatar shigarwa a tsaye, kuma ƙaddamarwa bai wuce 5 ° ba.Ruwa ya kamata ya kasance daga ƙasa zuwa sama, matsayi na shigarwa ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da girgizawa, mai sauƙi don lura da kulawa, kuma ya kamata a samar da bawuloli na rufewa da ƙasa da ƙasa.Don kafofin watsa labaru masu datti, dole ne a shigar da tacewa a mashigar ma'aunin motsi.
3. Matsakaicin saurin gudu
(1) Matsakaicin manufa
Don ma'aunin kwararar ruwa tare da babban danko da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, lokacin da daidaito bai wuce 1.5 ba kuma ƙimar kewayon bai wuce 3: 1 ba, ana iya amfani da madaidaicin manufa.
Gabaɗaya ana shigar da na'urori masu motsi a kan bututun kwance.Tsawon sashin bututu na gaba madaidaiciya shine 15-40D, kuma tsayin sashin bututu na baya shine 5D.
(2) Turbine flometer
Don ma'aunin kwararar iskar gas mai tsabta da ruwa mai tsabta tare da danko mai kinematic wanda bai fi 5 × 10-6m2 / s ba, ana iya amfani da ma'aunin injin turbine lokacin da ake buƙatar ma'auni daidai kuma ƙimar kewayon bai fi 10: 1 ba.
Ya kamata a sanya na'urar motsa jiki a kan bututun da ke kwance don cika bututun gabaɗaya da ruwa, sannan a saita bawul ɗin tasha na sama da na ƙasa da bawul ɗin kewayawa, da kuma na'urar tace sama da bawul ɗin fitarwa a ƙasa.
Tsawon sashin bututu madaidaiciya: saman ba kasa da 20D ba, kuma ƙasan ƙasa ba ta ƙasa da 5D ba.
(3) Vortex flowmeter (Kaman vortex flowmeter ko vortex flowmeter)
Don ma'aunin kwarara mai girma da matsakaici na iskar gas mai tsafta, tururi da ruwa, za'a iya zaɓin vortex flowmeter.Kada a yi amfani da ma'aunin motsi na Vortex don auna ma'aunin ruwa mai sauri da ruwa tare da danko fiye da 20 × 10-3pa·s.Lokacin zabar, yakamata a duba saurin bututun.
Mai gudana yana da halaye na ƙananan asarar matsa lamba da sauƙi shigarwa.
Abubuwan buƙatun don sassan bututu madaidaiciya: sama shine 15-40D (dangane da yanayin bututu);a lokacin da ƙara mai gyara sama, sama ba kasa da 10D;na ƙasa shine aƙalla 5D.
(4) Mitar ruwa
Matsakaicin adadin ruwa da aka tara akan wurin, lokacin da juzu'i bai wuce 30: 1 ba, zai iya amfani da mitar ruwa.
Ana shigar da mitar ruwa akan bututun da ke kwance, kuma ana buƙatar tsawon sashin bututun madaidaiciya kada ya zama ƙasa da 8D sama kuma ba ƙasa da 5D ƙasa ba.
<3> Zaɓin na'urorin aunawa masu lalacewa, masu gudana ko gudana tare da ƙwararrun ɓangarorin
1. Electromagnetic flowmeter
Ana amfani da shi don auna kwararar ruwa ko daidaitaccen ruwa mai ƙarfi mai matsakaici mai ƙarfi biyu tare da haɓakawa fiye da 10μS/cm.Yana da juriya mai kyau na lalata da juriya, babu asarar matsa lamba.Yana iya auna kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban kamar acid mai ƙarfi, alkali mai ƙarfi, gishiri, ruwan ammonia, laka, ɓangaren litattafan almara da ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Hanyar shigarwa na iya zama a tsaye, a kwance ko karkata.Lokacin shigarwa a tsaye, ruwan dole ne ya kasance daga ƙasa zuwa sama.Don kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi-mai ƙarfi, yana da kyau a girka a tsaye.
Lokacin da aka sanya shi a kan bututu mai kwance, ruwan ya kamata a cika shi da sashin bututu, kuma na'urorin watsawa ya kamata su kasance a kan jirgin sama na kwance;Tsawon sashin bututu madaidaiciya yakamata ya zama ƙasa da 5-10D sama da ƙasa kuma ba ƙasa da 3-5D ƙasa ko babu buƙatun (masu sana'a daban-daban, buƙatu daban-daban).
Kada a shigar da mai watsawa a wuraren da ƙarfin filin maganadisu ya fi 398A/m.
2. Na'urar da ba ta dace ba duba sama
1. Volumetric mai motsi
(1) Oval gear flowmeter
Tsaftace, ruwa mai ƙarfi-danko yana buƙatar ƙarin ingantacciyar ma'aunin kwarara.Lokacin da kewayon kewayon ƙasa da 10: 1, ana iya amfani da ma'aunin motsi na oval gear.
Ya kamata a shigar da ma'aunin motsi na oval a kan bututun da ke kwance, kuma alamar bugun kira ya kamata ya kasance a cikin jirgin sama a tsaye;ya kamata a samar da bawuloli masu rufewa da na'urorin kewayawa na sama da ƙasa.Ya kamata a shigar da tace sama.
Don ƙananan kwararar ruwa, ana iya amfani da ma'aunin motsi na oval gear.
Lokacin auna kowane nau'in kafofin watsa labaru masu sauƙin iskar gas, yakamata a ƙara mai kawar da iska.
(2) Waistwheel flowmeter
Don tsaftataccen iskar gas ko ruwa, musamman mai mai mai, ma'aunin kwarara wanda ke buƙatar babban daidaito, ma'aunin motsi na kugu zaɓi ne.
Ya kamata a shigar da ma'aunin motsi a kwance, tare da bututun kewayawa da kuma sanya matattara a ƙarshen mashigai.
(3) Scraper Flumeter
Ci gaba da auna kwararar ruwa a cikin rufaffiyar bututun mai, musamman madaidaicin ma'auni na samfuran mai daban-daban, za'a iya zaɓar ma'aunin magudanar ruwa.
Shigar da na'urar bututun ya kamata ya cika bututun da ruwa, kuma ya kamata a sanya shi a kwance ta yadda adadin ma'aunin ya kasance a tsaye.
Lokacin auna samfuran mai daban-daban da buƙatar ingantaccen aunawa, yakamata a ƙara na'urar kawar da iska.
2. Matsakaicin manufa
Don ma'aunin kwararar ruwa tare da babban danko da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, lokacin da daidaito bai wuce 1.5 ba kuma ƙimar kewayon bai wuce 3: 1 ba, ana iya amfani da madaidaicin manufa.
Gabaɗaya ana shigar da na'urori masu motsi a kan bututun kwance.Tsawon sashin bututu na gaba madaidaiciya shine 15-40D, kuma tsayin sashin bututu na baya shine 5D.
<5> Zaɓin manyan na'urorin auna kwararar diamita
Lokacin da diamita na bututu ya girma, asarar matsa lamba yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan amfani da makamashi.Na'urori masu motsi na al'ada suna da tsada.Lokacin da asarar matsa lamba ta yi girma, za a iya zaɓar bututun gudu iri ɗaya mai siffar sarewa, titin vortex na toshe, injin turbin, na'urorin lantarki na lantarki, bututun venturi, da na'urori masu motsi na ultrasonic bisa ga halin da ake ciki.
1, sarewa uniform gudun tube mai kwarara mita
Don auna kwararar iskar gas mai tsafta, tururi, da ruwa mai tsafta tare da danko kasa da 0.3Pa·s, lokacin da ake buƙatar asarar matsa lamba ta zama ƙarami, ana iya zaɓin bututu mai saurin gudu iri ɗaya na sarewa.
An shigar da bututu mai siffa iri ɗaya a kan bututun da ke kwance, da tsayin sashin bututun madaidaiciya: na sama ba ƙasa da 6-24D ba, kuma ƙasan ƙasa ba ta ƙasa da 3-4D ba.
2. Shigar da injin turbine, shigar da vortex flowmeter, electromagnetic flowmeter, Venturi tube
Duba sama.
<6> Zaɓin sabbin kayan auna kwarara
1. Ultrasonic flowmeter
Ana iya amfani da na'urori masu motsi na Ultrasonic don duk ruwa mai sarrafa sauti.Bugu da ƙari ga manyan kafofin watsa labaru, don kafofin watsa labaru waɗanda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsanani kamar lalata mai ƙarfi, rashin aiki, mai ƙonewa da fashewa, da aikin rediyo, lokacin da ba za a iya amfani da ma'aunin lamba ba, ana iya amfani da shi.Ultrasonic kwarara mita.
2. Mass kwarara mita
Lokacin da ya wajaba don auna ma'auni na ruwa mai yawa, iskar gas mai yawa da slurries kai tsaye da daidai, ana iya amfani da mita masu gudana.
Mitocin kwararar taro suna ba da ingantacciyar amintaccen bayanan kwararar taro masu zaman kansu ba tare da canje-canje a yanayin zafin ruwa, matsa lamba, yawa ko danko ba.
Ana iya shigar da mitoci masu gudana a kowace hanya ba tare da madaidaiciyar bututu ba.
<7> Zaɓin foda da toshe ƙaƙƙarfan kayan auna kwarara
1. Matsakaicin motsi
Don ma'auni mai gudana na barbashi na foda mai faɗowa kyauta da toshe daskararru, lokacin da ake buƙatar kayan da za a rufe da isar da su, yakamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin motsa jiki;na'urar motsa jiki ya dace da nau'ikan kayan girma na kowane girman barbashi, kuma yana iya zama daidai ko da a cikin yanayin ƙura mai yawa da aka auna, amma nauyin babban abu ba zai zama mafi girma fiye da 5% na nauyin nau'in da aka ƙaddara ba. farantin karfe.
Shigar da na'urar motsa jiki yana buƙatar cewa kayan dole ne a ba da tabbacin faɗuwa da yardar rai, kuma babu wani ƙarfi na waje da ya kamata yayi aiki akan abin da aka auna.Akwai wasu buƙatu don kusurwar shigarwa na farantin bugawa, kusurwa da tsawo tsakanin tashar ciyarwa da farantin karfe, kuma suna da dangantaka da zaɓi na kewayon.Ya kamata a lissafta kafin zaɓin.
2. Ma'aunin bel na lantarki
Ma'aunin kwarara mai ƙarfi don masu jigilar bel, wanda aka ɗora akan masu jigilar bel tare da daidaitaccen aiki.Bukatun shigarwa na firam ɗin aunawa suna da tsauri.Matsayin firam ɗin auna akan bel da nisa daga tashar jiragen ruwa mara kyau zai shafi daidaiton ma'auni.Ya kamata a zaɓi wurin shigarwa.
3. Ma'aunin bin diddigi
Don ci gaba da auna motocin jigilar kaya ta atomatik, ya kamata a zaɓi ma'aunin waƙa masu ƙarfi.
Na biyar, zaɓin matakin kayan aikin
<1> Gabaɗaya ƙa'idodi
(1) Wajibi ne a zurfafa fahimtar yanayin tsari, kaddarorin matsakaicin ma'auni, da buƙatun tsarin kula da ma'auni don cikakken kimanta aikin fasaha da tasirin tattalin arziƙin kayan aiki, don tabbatar da ingantaccen samarwa, inganta ingancin samfur, da haɓaka fa'idodin tattalin arziki.taka rawar da ta dace.
(2) Ya kamata a yi amfani da nau'in nau'in matsin lamba, nau'in nau'in ruwa da nau'in kida don yin amfani da matakin ruwa da ma'aunin mu'amala.Lokacin da ba a cika buƙatun ba, ana iya amfani da capacitive, resistive (lantarki lamba), da kayan aikin sonic.
Ya kamata a zaɓi ma'aunin saman kayan bisa ga girman barbashi na kayan, kusurwar kwanciyar hankali na kayan, ƙarfin lantarki na kayan, tsarin silo da buƙatun ma'auni.
(3) Ya kamata a zaɓi tsarin da kayan kayan aiki bisa ga halaye na matsakaicin matsakaici.Babban abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su sune matsa lamba, zafin jiki, lalata, haɓakar lantarki;ko akwai abubuwan mamaki kamar su polymerization, danko, hazo, crystallization, conjunctiva, gasification, kumfa, da dai sauransu;yawa da yawa canje-canje;adadin daskararrun da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa;Matsayin tashin hankali na farfajiya da girman barbashi na m abu.
(4) Yanayin nuni da aikin kayan aiki za a ƙayyade bisa ga buƙatun aikin aiki da tsarin tsarin.Lokacin da ake buƙatar watsa sigina, ana iya zaɓar kayan aiki masu aikin fitowar siginar analog ko aikin fitarwar sigina na dijital.
(5) Ya kamata a ƙayyade kewayon ma'auni na kayan aiki bisa ga ainihin kewayon nuni ko ainihin bambancin kewayon kayan aiki.Baya ga mitar matakin don auna ƙara, matakin al'ada ya kamata gabaɗaya ya zama kusan 50% na kewayon mita.
(6) Ya kamata a zaɓi daidaito na kayan aiki bisa ga buƙatun tsari, amma matakin matakin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da shi don ma'aunin ƙara ya kamata ya kasance sama da 0.5.
(7) Kayan aikin lantarki da ake amfani da su a wurare masu haɗari masu fashewa kamar gas mai ƙonewa, tururi da ƙura mai ƙonewa.Ya kamata a zaɓi nau'in tsarin da ya dace mai tabbatar da fashewa ko kuma a ɗauki wasu matakan kariya bisa ga ƙayyadaddun nau'in wuri mai haɗari da matakin haɗari na matsakaicin da aka auna.
(8) Don kayan aikin lantarki da ake amfani da su a wurare kamar iskar gas da ƙura masu cutarwa, yakamata a zaɓi nau'in kariyar da ya dace daidai da yanayin muhalli na amfani.
<2> Zaɓin matakin ruwa da na'urori masu aunawa
1. Kayan aikin auna matsi daban-daban
(1) Don ci gaba da auna matakin ruwa, ya kamata a zaɓi kayan aikin matsa lamba daban.
Don ma'aunin dubawa, ana iya zaɓar kayan aikin matsa lamba daban, amma ana buƙatar jimillar matakin ruwa koyaushe ya kasance sama da tashar matsa lamba na sama.
(2) Don manyan buƙatu akan daidaiton ma'auni, tsarin ma'aunin yana buƙatar ƙarin hadaddun ayyuka na daidaitattun ayyuka, kuma lokacin da babban kayan aikin analog ke da wahalar cimmawa, ana iya zaɓar nau'in nau'in watsawa na fasaha daban-daban, kuma daidaiton sa yana sama da 0.2.
(3) Lokacin da yawan ruwa ya canza sosai a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, bai dace a yi amfani da kayan aikin matsa lamba ba.
(4) Ya kamata a yi amfani da na'urorin matsa lamba daban-daban na flange don lalata ruwa, ruwa mai kristal, ruwa mai ɗanɗano, ruwa mai sauƙi mai tururi, da ruwa mai ɗauke da daskararru.
Ruwa mai girma-crystalline, ruwa mai girman danko, ruwa gelatinous ruwa, da ruwan hazo ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan aikin matsa lamba na flange.
Idan akwai wani adadi mai yawa na condensate da laka a kan matakin ruwa na matsakaicin matsakaicin da aka auna a sama, ko kuma idan ruwan zafi mai zafi yana buƙatar ware shi daga mai watsawa, ko lokacin da ake auna matsakaicin yana buƙatar maye gurbin, shugaban awo yana buƙatar. a tsarkake sosai, ana iya zaɓar nau'in flange biyu.Ma'aunin matsin lamba daban-daban.
(5) Lokacin da yake da wahala a auna matakin ruwa na ruwa mai lalata, ruwa mai ɗorewa, ruwa mai kristal, narkakkar ruwa da ruwa mai ɗaukar ruwa tare da kayan aikin matsi daban-daban, ana iya amfani da hanyar busa iska ko ruwa mai ɗorewa, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da talakawa. Ma'aunin matsi, na'urar watsa matsa lamba ko na'urar watsa matsa lamba daban don aunawa.
(6) A yanayi zafin jiki, da gas lokaci na iya tarawa, da ruwa lokaci na iya zama vaporized, ko gas lokaci na iya samun ruwa rabuwa, a lokacin da yana da wuya a yi amfani da flanged bambancin matsa lamba kayan aiki da kuma talakawa bambancin matsa lamba kayan aiki da ake amfani da aunawa. , ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga takamaiman yanayi.Saita masu keɓancewa, masu raba, vaporizers, tasoshin ma'auni da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, ko zafi da gano bututun awo.
(7) Lokacin auna matakin ruwa na tukunyar tukunyar jirgi tare da kayan aikin matsa lamba daban-daban, yakamata a yi amfani da kwandon ma'auni na ɗaki biyu na zafin jiki.
(8) Ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙaura mai kyau da mara kyau na kayan aiki daban-daban lokacin zabar kewayon kayan aiki.
2. Buoy kayan aunawa
(1) Don ci gaba da auna matakin ruwa a cikin kewayon ma'auni na 2000mm da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun 0.5 zuwa 1.5, da ci gaba da auna ma'aunin ruwa tare da kewayon ma'auni na cikin 1200mm da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙimar 0.1 zuwa 0.5. , ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan aikin buoy-type.
Don abubuwan da ba su da amfani da ruwa masu sauƙin turɓaya, ya kamata a yi amfani da irin kayan aikin iyo.
Ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan aikin nau'in bututun iska don nuni ko daidaita matakin ruwa a kan wurin.
Dole ne a yi amfani da mitoci masu ƙaura don tsaftace ruwa.
(2) Zaɓi kayan aikin buoy-type.Lokacin da daidaiton buƙatun yana da girma kuma siginar yana buƙatar watsa nesa, yakamata a zaɓi nau'in ma'aunin ƙarfi;lokacin da daidaitattun buƙatun ba su da girma kuma ana buƙatar nuni na gida ko daidaitawa, ana iya zaɓar nau'in ma'auni na ƙaura.
(3) Don auna matakin ruwa na buɗaɗɗen tankunan ajiya da buɗaɗɗen tankunan ajiyar ruwa, yakamata a zaɓi buoy na ciki;don abubuwa masu ruwa waɗanda ba su yin crystallize kuma ba su da danko a yanayin zafin aiki, amma suna iya yin crystallize ko manne da yanayin zafi, haka nan ya kamata a yi amfani da buoys na ciki.Don kayan aikin da ba a yarda su tsaya ba, bai kamata a yi amfani da buoy na ciki ba, amma ya kamata a yi amfani da buoy na waje.Don abubuwa masu ɗanɗano sosai, crystalline ko maɗaukakin ruwa masu zafi, bai kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan iyo daga waje ba.
(4) Lokacin da kayan aikin buoy na ciki yana da babban damuwa na ruwa a cikin akwati, yakamata a shigar da madaidaicin murfi don hana tashin hankali.
(5) Ana amfani da mitar mai sauya wutar lantarki don lokatai da matakin ruwa da aka auna akai-akai, kuma ya kamata a jike siginar fitarwa.
3. Kayan aikin auna ruwa
(1) Don ci gaba da aunawa da ma'aunin ƙarar matakin tsabtace ruwa na manyan tankuna na ajiya, da ma'aunin matsayi na matakin ruwa da keɓancewa daban-daban na tsabtace tankin ajiya, ya kamata a zaɓi nau'ikan kayan kida.
(2) Kada a yi amfani da ruwa mai datti da daskararru a yanayin zafin yanayi tare da kayan kida irin na iyo.Don ci gaba da aunawa da ma'aunin ma'auni mai yawa na ruwa mai ɗorewa, kuma bai dace da amfani da nau'in kayan aikin iyo ba.
(3) Lokacin da aka yi amfani da nau'in ma'aunin iyo don ma'aunin mu'amala, ƙayyadaddun adadin ruwa biyu ya kamata ya kasance akai-akai, kuma takamaiman ƙimar ƙimar kada ta kasance ƙasa da 0.2.
(4) Lokacin da aka yi amfani da nau'in nau'in nau'in ruwa na ciki don auna matakin ruwa a cikin manyan tankunan ajiya, don hana iyo daga tuƙi, ya kamata a samar da wuraren jagora;Domin hana tafsirin matakin ruɗar ruwa ya shafe ta, ya kamata a shigar da madaidaicin akwati.
(5) Ci gaba da auna matakin ruwa ko ƙarar ruwa a cikin manyan tankunan ajiya.Don tankunan ajiya guda ɗaya ko tankunan ajiya da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaiton ma'auni, yakamata a yi amfani da mitocin matakin ruwa masu haske;don tankunan ajiya guda ɗaya tare da buƙatun daidaito gabaɗaya, ƙarfe Tare da ma'aunin matakin iyo.Don tankunan ajiya guda ɗaya ko tankunan ajiya masu yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar ci gaba da ma'auni mai mahimmanci na matakin ruwa, dubawa, girma da taro, ya kamata a zaɓi tsarin ma'aunin tanki.
(6) Ma'aunin ma'auni mai yawa na matakin ruwa a cikin buɗaɗɗen tankunan ajiya da buɗaɗɗen tankunan ajiyar ruwa, da ma'aunin ma'auni mai yawa na lalata, mai guba da sauran ruwa mai haɗari, yakamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin matakin ruwa mai ɗimbin ruwa na maganadisu.
(7) Don ma'aunin ma'aunin ruwa mai danko, yakamata a yi amfani da nau'in mai sarrafa matakin iyo.
4. Kayan aiki mai ƙarfi
(1) Don ci gaba da aunawa da ma'aunin ma'aunin ruwa masu lalata, ruwan sama da sauran kafofin watsa labarai na tsarin sinadarai, yakamata a zaɓi mitoci masu ƙarfin ƙarfin ruwa.
Lokacin amfani da ma'aunin dubawa, kayan lantarki na ruwa biyu dole ne su cika buƙatun fasaha na samfurin.
(2) takamaiman samfurin, nau'in tsarin lantarki, da kayan lantarki na ma'aunin matakin ruwa na capacitance ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga kaddarorin lantarki na matsakaicin aunawa, kayan kwantena da sauran dalilai.
(3) Don abubuwan da ba su da ɗanɗano mara ƙarfi, ana iya amfani da na'urorin lantarki na shaft-sleeve;don abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi, ana iya amfani da na'urorin lantarki irin na hannun hannu;don ruwa maras amfani da danko, ana iya amfani da na'urori marasa amfani, saman lantarki ya kamata ya zaɓi wani abu mai ƙarancin alaƙa da ruwan da za a gwada ko ɗaukar matakan tsaftacewa ta atomatik.
(4) Ba za a iya amfani da ma'aunin ƙarfin ƙarfin ba don ci gaba da auna matakin ruwa mai ɗaci.
(5) Na'urorin aunawa masu ƙarfi suna da sauƙin shiga tsakani na lantarki, kuma yakamata a yi amfani da igiyoyi masu kariya, ko kuma a ɗauki wasu matakan katsalandan na lantarki.
(6) Capacitance matakin ma'aunin ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi don auna matsayi ya kamata a shigar da shi a kwance;Ya kamata a shigar da mita matakin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki don ci gaba da aunawa a tsaye.
5. Resistive (lantarki lamba) auna kayan aiki
(1) Don ma'aunin ma'aunin ruwa masu lalata, da kuma ma'aunin ma'aunin ruwa masu ɗaukar nauyi da ruwa mara ƙarfi, Mitoci masu tsayayya (lantarki).
(2) Don abubuwan da ake amfani da su waɗanda ke da sauƙin lalata na'urorin lantarki da na lantarki na matsakaicin matsakaici tsakanin na'urorin lantarki, nau'in juriya (nau'in lamba na lantarki) mita gabaɗaya ba su dace ba.Don abubuwan ruwa waɗanda ba su da ƙarfi kuma masu sauƙin mannewa ga na'urorin lantarki, kada a yi amfani da mitoci masu tsayayya (lantarki).
6. Na'urar auna matsi a tsaye
(1) Don ci gaba da auna matakin ruwa na wuraren tafkunan ruwa, rijiyoyi da tafki tare da zurfin 5m zuwa 100m, yakamata a zaɓi kayan aikin matsa lamba.
Don ci gaba da auna matakin ruwa a cikin tasoshin da ba a matsa lamba ba, ana iya zaɓar kayan aikin hydrostatic.
(2) A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, lokacin da yawan ruwa ya canza sosai, bai dace da amfani da kayan aikin matsa lamba ba.
7. Sonic auna kayan aiki
(1) Don ci gaba da aunawa da ma'aunin ma'aunin ruwa mai lalata, manyan ruwa mai ɗorewa, ruwa mai guba da sauran matakan ruwa waɗanda ke da wahalar auna ta kayan aikin matakin talakawa, ya kamata a yi amfani da na'urorin auna ma'aunin sautin murya.
(2) Musamman samfurin da tsarin kayan aikin sonic ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga halaye na matsakaicin matsakaici da sauran dalilai.
(3) Dole ne a yi amfani da kayan aikin Sonic don auna matakin ruwa a cikin kwantena waɗanda za su iya yin tunani da watsa raƙuman sauti, kuma ba za a iya amfani da su a cikin kwantena masu tsabta ba.Bai dace da ruwa mai ɗauke da kumfa da ruwa mai ɗauke da tsayayyen barbashi ba.
(4) Kada a yi amfani da na'urorin motsa jiki don kwantena tare da cikas na ciki waɗanda ke shafar yaduwar raƙuman sauti.
(5) Don kayan aikin igiyar sauti da ke ci gaba da auna matakin ruwa, idan zafin jiki da abun da ke cikin ruwan da za a auna sun canza sosai, ya kamata a yi la’akari da diyya don canjin saurin yaɗa sautin sauti don haɓaka daidaiton aunawa.
(6) Kebul ɗin da ke tsakanin na'urar ganowa da mai canzawa yakamata a kiyaye shi, ko kuma a yi la'akari da matakan hana tsangwama na lantarki.
8. Kayan aikin aunawa na Microwave
(1) Don ci gaba da auna matakin ruwa na ruwa mai lalata, ruwa mai cike da danko da ruwa mai guba a cikin manyan tankunan rufin da aka kafa da tankuna masu iyo-rufin da ke da wahalar aunawa tare da madaidaicin daidaitattun kayan aikin matakin ruwa na yau da kullun, kayan aunawa microwave. ya kamata a yi amfani da shi.
Hanyar auna kayan aikin aunawa ta microwave tana ɗaukar ci gaba da yin sikanin microwave a cikin takamaiman kewayon mitar.Lokacin da nisa tsakanin matakin ruwa da eriya ta canza, ana haifar da bambancin mitar tsakanin siginar ji da siginar da aka nuna, kuma bambancin mitar yana da alaƙa da nisa tsakanin matakin ruwa da eriya.Daidaituwa, don haka ana iya canza bambancin mitar auna don samun matakin ruwa.
(2) Tsarin da kayan aikin eriya ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga halaye na matsakaicin matsakaici, matsa lamba a cikin tanki da sauran dalilai.
(3) Don tankunan ajiya tare da cikas na ciki waɗanda ke shafar yaduwar microwave, bai kamata a yi amfani da kayan aikin microwave ba.
(4) Lokacin da yawan tururi na ruwa da tururin hydrocarbon a cikin tanki yana da gagarumin canji a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullum, ya kamata a yi la'akari da ramuwa don canjin saurin yaduwar microwave;don tafasa ko damuwa matakin ruwa, ya kamata a yi la'akari da rage diamita.Tsayayyen bututu na ƙaho da sauran matakan ramuwa don inganta daidaiton aunawa.
9. Na'urar auna radiyo ta nukiliya
(1) Don ci gaba da ma'auni da ma'aunin ma'auni na matakin ruwa na babban zafin jiki, matsanancin matsin lamba, babban danko, lalata mai ƙarfi, fashewar abubuwa da kafofin watsa labarai masu guba, lokacin da yake da wahala a yi amfani da sauran kayan aikin matakin ruwa don saduwa da buƙatun ma'auni. , ana iya zaɓar nau'in nau'in radiation na nukiliya..
(2) Ya kamata a zaɓi ƙarfin tushen radiation bisa ga buƙatun ma'auni.A lokaci guda, bayan radiation ya wuce ta wurin da aka auna, adadin radiation a wurin aiki ya kamata ya zama ƙanƙanta kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma ma'auni na aminci ya kamata ya bi "Dokokin Kariyar Radiation" na yanzu (GB8703-88).), in ba haka ba, ya kamata a yi la'akari da matakan kariya kamar kariya ta keɓe.
(3) Ya kamata a zaɓi nau'in tushen radiation bisa ga buƙatun ma'auni da halaye na abin da aka auna, kamar girman matsakaicin matsakaici, siffar geometric na akwati, kayan abu da kauri na bango.Lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarfin tushen radiation don ƙarami, ana iya amfani da radium (Re);lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarfin tushen radiation ya zama babba, ana iya amfani da ceium 137 (Csl37);lokacin da akwati mai kauri yana buƙatar ƙarfin shiga mai ƙarfi, cobalt 60 (Co60).
(4) Don kauce wa kuskuren ma'auni da lalacewa na tushen radiation ya haifar, inganta kwanciyar hankali na aiki da kuma rage yawan ƙididdiga, kayan ma'auni ya kamata ya iya ramawa ga lalacewa.
10. Laser auna kayan aiki
(1) Don ci gaba da auna matakin ruwa na kwantena tare da hadaddun sifofi ko cikas na inji, da kwantena waɗanda ke da wahalar shigarwa bisa ga hanyoyin al'ada, yakamata a zaɓi kayan auna laser.
(2) Don cikakkun ruwa mai tsabta ba tare da tunani ba, ba za a iya amfani da kayan auna laser ba.
1. Kayan aiki mai ƙarfi
(1) Don granular kayan da foda da granular kayan, kamar kwal, filastik monomer, taki, yashi, da dai sauransu, don ci gaba da aunawa da matsayi, da capacitive auna kayan ya kamata a yi amfani da.
(2) Ya kamata a kiyaye kebul na tsawaita na'urar ganowa, ko kuma a yi la'akari da matakan hana tsangwama na lantarki.
2. Sonic auna kayan aiki
(1) Don auna matakin saman saman kayan granular tare da girman barbashi na ƙasa da 10mm a cikin silos da hoppers ba tare da girgiza ko ƙarami ba, ana iya zaɓar mitar matakin cokali mai yatsa.
(2) Don auna matakin foda da kayan granular tare da girman barbashi na ƙasa da 5mm, yakamata a yi amfani da mitar matakin ultrasonic mai toshe sauti.
(3) Don ci gaba da aunawa da ma'aunin ma'auni na kayan micropowder, yakamata a yi amfani da ma'aunin matakin ultrasonic mai haske.Ma'aunin matakin ultrasonic mai nuni bai dace da ma'aunin ma'aunin ƙura mai cike da ƙura da hoppers ba, kuma don auna matakin tare da filaye marasa daidaituwa.
3. Resistive (lantarki lamba) auna kayan aiki
(1) Don kayan granular da foda mai kyau ko rashin ƙarfi na lantarki, amma mai ɗauke da danshi, kamar gawayi, coke da sauran ma'aunin matakin matakin kayan, ana iya amfani da kayan auna juriya.
(2) Darajar juriya-zuwa-ƙasa ta samfurin dole ne a cika su don tabbatar da aminci da azancin ma'aunin.
4. Kayan aikin aunawa na Microwave
(1) Don ma'aunin matakin da ci gaba da ma'auni na toshe da kayan granular tare da babban zafin jiki, babban mannewa, babban lalata da yawan guba, ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan aunawa na microwave.
(2) Bai dace da ma'aunin ma'auni tare da ƙasa mara daidaituwa ba.
5. Na'urar auna radiyo ta nukiliya
(1) Don ma'aunin matakin da ci gaba da ma'auni na girma, granular da foda-granular kayan aiki tare da babban zafin jiki, matsa lamba mai yawa, babban mannewa, babban lalata da kuma yawan guba, ana iya zaɓar kayan auna ma'aunin radiation na nukiliya.
(2) Sauran buƙatun za su bi abubuwan da aka ambata.
6. Laser auna kayan aiki
(1) Don kwantena tare da hadaddun sifofi ko cikas na inji, kuma don ci gaba da auna saman kayan kwantena waɗanda ke da wahalar shigarwa ta hanyoyin al'ada, yakamata a yi amfani da kayan auna laser.
(2) Don cikakkun kayan aiki ba tare da tunani ba, ba za a iya amfani da kayan auna laser ba.
7. Anti-juyawa ma'auni
(1) Don silos da hoppers tare da ƙananan matsa lamba kuma babu matsa lamba, don ma'aunin matsayi na granular da foda kayan granular tare da ƙayyadaddun yawa fiye da 0.2, ana iya amfani da kayan auna juriya-juriya.
(2) Girman rotor ya kamata a zaba bisa ga ƙayyadaddun nauyin kayan.
(3) Don guje wa rashin aikin na'urar da abin ya faru ta hanyar bugun rotor, yakamata a saita farantin kariyar sama da rotor.
8. Kayan aikin aunawa diaphragm
(1) Don auna matsayi na kayan granular ko foda a cikin silos da hoppers, ana iya zaɓar kayan auna diaphragm.
(2) Tun da aikin diaphragm yana da sauƙin tasiri ta hanyar mannewar ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma tasiri na matsa lamba na ƙwayoyin cuta, ba za a iya amfani da shi ba a aikace-aikace tare da ainihin buƙatun.
9. Na'urar auna guduma mai nauyi
(1) Don manyan silos, manyan ɗakunan ajiya, da buɗaɗɗen ko rufaffiyar kwantena mara ƙarfi tare da babban matakin matakin matakin tsayi da kewayon bambance-bambancen, kayan saman kayan girma, granular da foda-granular kayan tare da ƙaramin mannewa yakamata a ci gaba da auna su a na yau da kullun.Yi amfani da kayan auna guduma mai nauyi.
(2) Ya kamata a zaɓi nau'in guduma mai nauyi bisa ga girman barbashi, bushe bushe da sauran abubuwan kayan.
(3) Don auna matakin kayan kwantena da kwantena tare da yaduwar ƙura mai tsanani, yakamata a yi amfani da kayan auna guduma mai nauyi tare da na'urar busa iska.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-21-2022