Gabatarwar Masu Gano Wuta

Dubawa

Na'urar gano wuta wata na'ura ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin tsarin ƙararrawar wuta ta atomatik don kariyar wuta don gano wurin da kuma gano wutar.Mai gano wuta shine "gaɓar hankali" na tsarin, kuma aikinsa shine kula da ko akwai wuta a cikin yanayi.Da zarar an sami gobara, halayen halayen wutan, kamar zafin jiki, hayaki, iskar gas da ƙarfin radiation, ana canza su zuwa siginar lantarki, kuma ana aika siginar ƙararrawa zuwa mai kula da ƙararrawar wuta nan da nan.

Wka'idar orking

Abu mai hankali: A matsayin wani ɓangare na ginin injin gano wuta, abun da ke da hankali zai iya canza yanayin yanayin yanayin wuta zuwa siginonin lantarki.

Da'irar: Ƙara siginar lantarki da aka canza ta hanyar abu mai mahimmanci kuma sarrafa shi zuwa siginar da ake buƙata ta mai kula da ƙararrawar wuta.

1. juyawa kewaye

Yana jujjuya fitowar siginar lantarki ta nau'i mai mahimmanci zuwa siginar ƙararrawa tare da ƙayyadaddun girma kuma daidai da buƙatun mai kula da ƙararrawar wuta.Yakan haɗa da da'irori masu daidaitawa, da'irar amplifier da da'irori na kofa.Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin kewayawa ya dogara da nau'in siginar da tsarin ƙararrawa ke amfani dashi, kamar ƙarfin lantarki ko siginar mataki na yanzu, siginar bugun jini, siginar mitar mai ɗauka da siginar dijital.

2. Da'irar hana tsangwama

Saboda yanayin muhalli na waje, kamar zafin jiki, saurin iska, filin lantarki mai ƙarfi, hasken wucin gadi da sauran dalilai, aikin yau da kullun na nau'ikan na'urori daban-daban za su shafi, ko alamun karya na iya haifar da ƙararrawa na ƙarya.Don haka, ya kamata a sanya na'urar ganowa da da'ira na hana jamming don inganta amincinsa.Yawanci ana amfani da su sune masu tacewa, jinkirin da'irori, haɗa da'irori, da'irar ramuwa, da sauransu.

3. kare kewaye

Ana amfani da shi don saka idanu masu ganowa da gazawar layin watsawa.Bincika ko da'irar gwajin, abubuwan da aka gyara da kuma abubuwan da aka gyara suna cikin yanayi mai kyau, saka idanu ko mai gano yana aiki akai-akai;duba ko layin watsawa na al'ada ne (kamar ko an haɗa waya mai haɗawa tsakanin na'urar ganowa da mai kula da ƙararrawa ta wuta).Ya ƙunshi da'irar sa ido da da'irar dubawa.

4. Nuna kewaye

Ana amfani dashi don nuna ko mai ganowa yana aiki.Bayan mai ganowa ya motsa, yakamata ya ba da siginar nuni da kanta.Irin wannan nunin aikin kai yawanci yana saita hasken siginar aiki akan na'urar ganowa, wanda ake kira hasken tabbatarwa.

5. Interface Circuit

Ana amfani da shi don kammala haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin mai gano wuta da mai kula da ƙararrawar wuta, shigarwa da fitarwa na siginar, da kuma kare mai ganowa daga lalacewa saboda kurakuran shigarwa.

Yana da tsarin injiniya na mai ganowa.Ayyukansa shine haɗa abubuwan da ke cikin jiki kamar abubuwan ganowa, allunan da aka buga da'ira, masu haɗawa, fitilun tabbatarwa da maɗauran ɗaki zuwa ɗaya, don tabbatar da wani ƙarfin injina da cimma ƙayyadaddun aikin lantarki, don hana yanayi kamar tushen haske, haske. source, Hasken rana, ƙura, iska, high-mita electromagnetic taguwar ruwa da sauran tsangwama da lalata inji karfi.

Aaikace-aikace

Tsarin ƙararrawar wuta ta atomatik ya ƙunshi na'urar gano wuta da mai kula da ƙararrawar wuta.Da zarar an sami gobara, halayen halayen wuta, kamar zafin jiki, hayaki, gas da ƙarfin haske mai haske, ana canza su zuwa siginar lantarki kuma suyi aiki nan da nan don aika siginar ƙararrawa zuwa mai kula da ƙararrawar wuta.Don lokatai masu ƙonewa da fashewa, mai gano wuta galibi yana gano yawan iskar gas a sararin samaniya, da ƙararrawa kafin ƙaddamarwa ya kai ƙananan iyaka.A cikin ɗaiɗaikun lokuta, masu gano wuta kuma na iya gano matsi da raƙuman sauti.

Rabewa

(1) Na'urar gano wuta ta thermal: Wannan na'urar gano wuta ce da ke amsa yanayin zafi mara kyau, hauhawar yanayin zafi da bambancin yanayin zafi.Hakanan za'a iya raba shi zuwa ƙayyadaddun abubuwan gano wuta na zafin jiki - masu gano wuta waɗanda ke amsa lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai ko ya wuce ƙimar da aka ƙayyade;bambance-bambancen masu gano wuta na zafin jiki waɗanda ke amsa lokacin da adadin dumama ya wuce ƙayyadaddun ƙima: bambance-bambancen ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun wuta na gano wuta - Mai gano yanayin zafin jiki tare da yanayin zafi daban-daban da ayyukan zazzabi akai-akai.Dangane da amfani da abubuwa masu mahimmanci daban-daban, irin su thermistors, thermocouples, bimetals, fusible karafa, akwatunan membrane da semiconductor, ana iya samun nau'ikan abubuwan gano wuta masu zafin jiki daban-daban.

(2) Na'urar gano hayaki: Wannan na'urar gano wuta ce da ke mayar da martani ga gabobin da aka samu ta hanyar konewa ko pyrolysis.Saboda yana iya gano yawan iskar iska ko hayakin da aka samu a farkon matakin konewar abubuwa, wasu kasashe suna kiran masu gano hayaki “farkon ganowa”.Aerosol ko hayaki barbashi iya canza haske tsanani, rage ionic halin yanzu a cikin ionization dakin da kuma canza wasu kaddarorin na electrolytic akai semiconductor na iska capacitors.Saboda haka, ana iya raba masu gano hayaki zuwa nau'in ion, nau'in photoelectric, nau'in capacitive da nau'in semiconductor.Daga cikin su, ana iya raba masu gano hayaki na photoelectric zuwa nau'i biyu: nau'in rage haske (ta amfani da ka'idar toshe hanyar haske ta hanyar ƙwayoyin hayaki) da kuma nau'in astigmatism (ta amfani da ka'idar watsawa ta hasken hayaki).

(3) Na'urar gano wuta mai ɗaukar hoto: Ana kuma san masu gano wuta masu ɗaukar hoto da masu gano harshen wuta.Wannan na'urar gano wuta ce da ke amsawa ga infrared, ultraviolet, da haske mai gani wanda wutar ke haskakawa.Akwai galibi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan harshen wuta na infrared da nau'in harshen wuta na ultraviolet.

(4) Na'urar gano gobarar gas: Wannan na'urar gano wuta ce da ke amsa iskar gas da ake samu ta hanyar konewa ko pyrolysis.A cikin lokatai masu ƙonewa da fashewa, yawancin iskar gas (ƙura) ana gano su ne, kuma ana daidaita ƙararrawa gabaɗaya lokacin da maida hankali ya kasance 1 / 5-1 / 6 na ƙananan ƙaddamarwa.Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don gano wuta na iskar gas don gano ƙwayar iskar gas (ƙura) galibi sun haɗa da waya platinum, palladium lu'u-lu'u (abubuwa baƙar fata da fari) da semiconductors na ƙarfe oxide (irin su ƙarfe oxides, lu'ulu'u na perovskite da spinels).

(5) Na'urar gano wuta mai haɗaka: Wannan na'urar gano wuta ce da ke amsa fiye da sigogi biyu na wuta.Akwai galibin na'urorin gano hayaki na yanayin zafin jiki, na'urorin gano hayaki mai ɗaukar hoto, na'urorin gano yanayin zafin jiki, da sauransu.

Jagoran zaɓi

1. A galibin wurare na yau da kullun, kamar ɗakin otal, kantunan kasuwa, gine-ginen ofis, da sauransu, yakamata a yi amfani da na'urar gano hayaki mai nau'in ma'ana, sannan a fi son na'urar gano hayaki na hoto.A lokatai tare da ƙarin hayaƙi na baki, yakamata a yi amfani da na'urorin gano hayaƙin ion.

2. A wuraren da bai dace a saka ko shigar da na'urorin gano hayaki ba wanda zai iya haifar da ƙararrawa na ƙarya, ko kuma inda babu hayaki da sauri da tashin hankali lokacin da gobara ta tashi, a yi amfani da na'urorin gano wuta kamar na'urori masu auna zafin jiki ko harshen wuta.

3. A cikin dogayen wurare, kamar wuraren nuni, dakunan jira, dogayen bita, da sauransu, yakamata a yi amfani da na'urorin gano hayaki na infrared gabaɗaya.Lokacin da yanayi ya ba da izini, yana da kyau a haɗa shi tare da tsarin sa ido na TV, kuma zaɓi nau'in na'urar gano ƙararrawa ta wuta (masu gano harshen wuta biyu, masu gano hayaki na giciye na gani)

4. A wurare masu mahimmanci ko babban haɗari na wuta inda ake buƙatar gano wuta da wuri, kamar mahimman ɗakin sadarwa, babban ɗakin kwamfuta, dakin gwaje-gwajen dacewa na lantarki (microwave darkroom), babban ɗakin ajiya mai girma uku, da dai sauransu, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi. high-hankali.Salon bututun iska.

5. A cikin wuraren da daidaiton ƙararrawa ya yi girma, ko ƙararrawar ƙarya zai haifar da asara, ya kamata a zaɓi na'urar ganowa (haɗin zafin hayaki, haɗaɗɗen haske mai hayaki, da dai sauransu).

6. A wuraren da ya kamata a hada su domin sarrafa wuta, kamar sarrafa iskar gas a dakin kwamfuta, sarrafa wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu, don hana rashin aiki, a yi amfani da na'urori biyu ko fiye da kofofi. don sarrafa kashe wuta, kamar gano hayaki mai nau'in batu.Da kuma masu gano zafi, hayakin katako na infrared da na'urorin zafin jiki na USB, hayaki da na'urar gano harshen wuta, da sauransu.

7. A cikin manya-manyan wuraren da ba a buqatar a yi amfani da wurin ganowa dalla-dalla a matsayin wurin ƙararrawa, kamar gareji, da dai sauransu, don adana hannun jari, sai a zaɓi na'urorin gano lambar da ba ta adireshin ba, sannan na'urori da yawa suna raba adireshi ɗaya. .

8. Bisa ga "Code for Design of Garages, Repair Garages and Parking Lot" da kuma manyan abubuwan da ake bukata a halin yanzu na ƙa'idodin fitar da hayaki na mota, don cimma nasarar faɗakarwa da wuri, ya kamata a yi amfani da na'urorin gano hayaki a cikin garages masu kyau, amma yana da kyau. wajibi ne don shigar da masu gano hayaki.An saita shi a ƙananan hankali.

A wasu wuraren da sararin ya yi ƙanƙanta kuma yawan abubuwan konewa ya yi yawa, kamar ƙarƙashin benayen lantarki, ramukan igiyoyi, rijiyoyin kebul, da sauransu, ana iya amfani da igiyoyin tantance zafin jiki.

Mrashin lafiya

Bayan an sanya na'urar gano na'urar har tsawon shekaru 2, sai a tsaftace shi duk bayan shekaru 3.Yanzu da muka ɗauki na'urar gano ion a matsayin misali, ƙurar da ke cikin iska tana mannewa saman tushen rediyoaktif da kuma ɗakin ionization, wanda ke raunana motsin ion a cikin ɗakin ionization, wanda zai sa na'urar ta sami damar yin ƙararrawa na ƙarya.Za a lalata tushen rediyon a hankali, kuma idan tushen rediyo a cikin ɗakin ionization ya lalace fiye da tushen rediyo a cikin ɗakin tunani, mai ganowa zai kasance mai saurin kamuwa da ƙararrawa na ƙarya;akasin haka, ƙararrawar za ta jinkirta ko ba a firgita ba.Bugu da kari, ba za a iya yin watsi da siga na kayan lantarki a cikin na'urar ganowa ba, kuma tsabtace mai ganowa dole ne a daidaita shi ta hanyar lantarki da daidaita shi.Saboda haka, bayan canza tushen, tsaftacewa, da daidaita ma'aunin wutar lantarki na na'urar ganowa, kuma ma'anarsa ta kai ga ma'anar sabon ma'anar lokacin da ya bar masana'anta, za a iya maye gurbin wadannan na'urori masu tsabta.Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da cewa na'urar ganowa na iya yin aiki na yau da kullum na dogon lokaci, yana da matukar muhimmanci a aika da na'urar ganowa zuwa masana'antun tsaftacewa na ƙwararru don gyarawa da tsaftacewa akai-akai.

Abubuwan da ke buƙatar kulawa

1. Yi rikodin adireshin na'urar gano hayaki da aka gwada, don guje wa maimaita gwajin wannan batu;

2. A yayin da ake ƙara gwajin hayaki, yi rikodin jinkirin ƙararrawar mai ganowa, kuma ta hanyar taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani, sami cikakkiyar fahimtar yanayin aiki na masu gano hayaki a cikin duka tashar, wanda shine mataki na gaba ko don ganowa. mai gano hayaki.Ba da shaidar cewa an tsaftace na'urar;

3. A yayin gwajin, sai a duba ko adireshin na’urar gano hayakin daidai ne, ta yadda za a sake gyara adireshin na’urar gano hayakin wanda adireshinsa da dakinsa bai dace da lamba cikin lokaci ba, ta yadda za a kauce wa umarnin da ba daidai ba. zuwa tsakiyar kulawa a lokacin aikin agajin bala'i.dakin.

Troubleshooting

Na farko, saboda gurbatar muhalli (kamar kura, hayakin mai, tururin ruwa), musamman bayan gurbacewar muhalli, hayaki ko zafin jiki na iya haifar da ƙararrawar ƙarya a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano.Hanyar magani ita ce a cire hayaki ko na'urar gano zafin jiki waɗanda suka tsoratar da ƙarya saboda gurɓataccen muhalli, da aika su zuwa ƙwararrun masana'antun kayan aikin tsaftacewa don tsaftacewa da sake sanyawa.

Na biyu, ana haifar da ƙararrawar ƙarya saboda gazawar hayaki ko na'urar gano zafin jiki da kanta.Maganin shine maye gurbin sabon hayaki ko mai gano yanayin zafi.

Na uku shi ne cewa ƙararrawar ƙarya tana faruwa saboda ɗan gajeren kewayawa a layin hayaƙi ko gano yanayin zafi.Hanyar sarrafawa ita ce bincika layin da ke da alaƙa da wurin kuskure, da nemo wurin gajeriyar kewayawa don sarrafawa.