Filayen aikace-aikacen kayan aiki:
Kayan aiki yana da nau'ikan aikace-aikace iri-iri, wanda ya shafi masana'antu, noma, sufuri, kimiyya da fasaha, kiyaye muhalli, tsaron ƙasa, al'adu, ilimi da lafiya, rayuwar mutane da sauran fannoni.Saboda matsayinta na musamman da babban rawar da take takawa, tana da gagarumin riba mai yawa da kuma jawo tasiri ga tattalin arzikin kasa, kuma tana da kyakkyawar bukatuwar kasuwa da babbar fa'idar ci gaba.
Binciken kuskuren kayan aiki: hanyar ita ce kamar haka
1. Hanyar bugun hannu
Lokacin da muke amfani da kayan aiki, sau da yawa muna haɗuwa da al'amuran mai kyau da mara kyau lokacin da kayan aiki ke gudana.Yawancin wannan al'amari yana faruwa ne ta hanyar rashin sadarwa mara kyau ko walƙiya.A wannan yanayin, ana iya amfani da tatsi da latsa hannu.
Abin da ake kira “ƙwanƙwasa” shi ne a taɓa allo ko sashin jiki a hankali ta hanyar ƙaramin kyankyasai na roba ko wani abu mai kaɗawa don ganin ko zai haifar da kuskure ko ƙasa.Abin da ake kira "matsi na hannu" yana nufin cewa idan kuskure ya faru, bayan kashe wutar lantarki, sake danna sassan da aka toshe, matosai da kwasfa da hannu da ƙarfi, sa'an nan kuma sake kunna na'ura don gwada ko za a kawar da kuskuren.Idan kun ga cewa taɓa calo ɗin al'ada ce, kuma sake buga shi ba daidai ba ne, yana da kyau a sake saka duk masu haɗawa kuma a sake gwadawa.
2. Hanyar lura
Yi amfani da gani, wari, taɓawa.Wani lokaci, abubuwan da suka lalace zasu canza launi, blister ko suna da tabo da suka kone;abubuwan da aka ƙone za su haifar da wari na musamman;guntun guntu zai zama zafi;Hakanan ana iya lura da siyar da kayan kwalliya ko lalata da ido tsirara.
3. Hanyar cirewa
Abin da ake kira hanyar kawar da ita wata hanya ce ta tantance musabbabin gazawar ta hanyar toshe wasu allunan toshewa da na'urori a cikin na'ura.Lokacin da kayan aikin ya dawo daidai bayan an cire allo ko na'ura, yana nufin cewa kuskuren ya faru a can.
4. Hanyar musanya
Ana buƙatar kayan aiki biyu na samfuri ɗaya ko isassun kayan gyara.Maye gurbin mai kyau tare da sashi iri ɗaya akan na'ura mara kyau don ganin idan an kawar da kuskuren.
5. Hanyar kwatanta
Ana buƙatar samun kayan aiki guda biyu na samfurin iri ɗaya, kuma ɗaya daga cikinsu yana cikin aiki na yau da kullun.Yin amfani da wannan hanyar kuma yana buƙatar kayan aikin da ake buƙata, kamar multimeter, oscilloscope, da dai sauransu. Dangane da yanayin kwatanta, akwai kwatanta ƙarfin lantarki, kwatancen waveform, kwatankwacin impedance, kwatanta sakamakon fitarwa, kwatanta halin yanzu da sauransu.
Hanya ta musamman ita ce: bari kayan aiki mara kyau da kayan aiki na yau da kullun suyi aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi ɗaya, sannan gano siginar wasu maki sannan a kwatanta ƙungiyoyin sigina guda biyu da aka auna.Idan akwai bambanci, ana iya yanke cewa laifin yana nan.Wannan hanyar tana buƙatar ma'aikatan kulawa don samun ilimi da ƙwarewa.
6. Hanyar dumama da sanyaya
Wani lokaci, kayan aiki yana aiki na dogon lokaci, ko kuma lokacin da zafin jiki na yanayin aiki ya yi girma a lokacin rani, zai yi kuskure.Rufewa da dubawa na al'ada ne, kuma zai zama al'ada bayan tsayawa na ɗan lokaci sannan a sake farawa.Bayan ɗan lokaci, gazawar ta sake faruwa.Wannan al'amari ya faru ne saboda rashin kyawun aiki na ICs ko abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, kuma ma'aunin halayen zafin jiki ba su cika buƙatun fihirisa ba.Don gano dalilin gazawar, ana iya amfani da hanyar dumama da sanyaya.
Abin da ake kira sanyaya shine a yi amfani da fiber na auduga don goge barasa mai ban sha'awa wanda zai iya kasa yin sanyi lokacin da gazawar ta faru, kuma a lura ko an kawar da gazawar.Abin da ake kira hawan zafin jiki shine ƙara yawan zafin jiki ta hanyar wucin gadi, kamar yin amfani da ƙarfe mai siyar da wutar lantarki don kusanci ɓangaren da ake tuhuma (ku yi hankali kada ya ɗaga zafin jiki da yawa don lalata na'urar ta al'ada) don ganin ko kuskuren ya faru.
7. Hawan kafada
Hanyar hawan kafada kuma ana kiranta hanyar layi daya.Sanya guntu mai kyau na IC akan guntu don dubawa, ko haɗa kayan haɗin gwiwa masu kyau ( capacitors, diodes, transistor, da sauransu) a layi daya tare da abubuwan da za'a bincika, kuma kula da kyakkyawar hulɗa.Idan kuskuren ya fito daga cikin buɗaɗɗen da'irar na'urar ko Dalilai irin su rashin kuskure za a iya kawar da su ta wannan hanyar.
8. Hanyar wucewa ta Capacitor
Lokacin da wani yanki ya haifar da wani sabon abu mai ban mamaki, kamar ruɗani na nuni, ana iya amfani da hanyar wucewa ta capacitor don tantance ɓangaren da'irar mai yiwuwa kuskure ne.Haɗa capacitor a fadin wutar lantarki da ƙasa na IC;Haɗa da'irar transistor a duk faɗin shigarwar tushe ko fitarwa don lura da tasirin abin da ya faru.Idan al'amarin gazawa ya ɓace lokacin da tashar shigarwar capacitor bypass ba ta da inganci kuma aka ketare tashar fitarwa, an ƙaddara cewa kuskuren yana faruwa a wannan matakin na kewaye.
9. Hanyar daidaita jihar
Gabaɗaya, kafin a tantance laifin, kar a taɓa abubuwan da ke cikin kewaye a hankali, musamman na'urori masu daidaitawa, kamar potentiometers.Duk da haka, idan an ɗauki matakan tunani sau biyu a gaba (misali, alamar matsayi ko ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki ko ƙimar juriya kafin a taɓa), har yanzu ana barin a taɓa shi idan ya cancanta.Watakila bayan canji, wani lokacin kuskuren zai tafi.
10. Warewa
Hanyar keɓewar kuskure baya buƙatar nau'in kayan aiki iri ɗaya ko kayan gyara don kwatanta, kuma yana da aminci kuma abin dogaro.Dangane da ginshiƙi na gano kuskure, rarrabuwa da kewaye sannu a hankali suna taƙaita kewayon bincike na kuskure, sannan kuma suyi aiki tare da hanyoyin kamar kwatanta sigina da musayar abubuwa don nemo wurin kuskure cikin sauri.
Nau'u shida na zane na ƙa'idar kayan aiki gama gari:
1. Ka'idar kayan aiki mai matsa lamba
1).Spring tube matsa lamba ma'auni
2).Kayan aiki matsa lamba na lantarki
3).Capacitive matsa lamba firikwensin
4).Capsule matsa lamba firikwensin
5).Matsa lamba ma'aunin zafi da sanyio
6).Nau'in matsa lamba na firikwensin
2. Ka'idar kayan aikin zafin jiki
1).Tsarin na bakin ciki fim thermocouple
2).Tsayayyen ma'aunin zafi da sanyio
3).Zane zane na thermocouple diyya waya
4).Thermometer Thermocouple
5).Tsarin juriya na thermal
3. Ka'idar mita kwarara
1).Matsakaicin magudanar ruwa
2).Matsakaicin motsi
3).Mitar motsin kugu a tsaye
4).kwararar bututun ruwa
5).Ingantacciyar ƙaura mai motsi
6).Oval gear flowmeter
7).Venturi Flumeter
8).Turbine mai motsi
9).Rotameter
Na hudu, ka'idar kayan aikin matakin ruwa
1).Matsayin matakin matsa lamba daban-daban A
2).Daban-daban matakin matsa lamba ma'aunin B
3).Matsayin matakin matsa lamba daban-daban
Ka'idar ultrasonic auna matakin ruwa
5. Capacitive matakin ma'auni
Biyar, ka'idar bawul
1).Siriri fim actuator
2).Piston actuator tare da bawul positioner
3).Butterfly bawul
4).Diaphragm bawul
5).Piston actuator
6).Bawul ɗin kusurwa
7).Pneumatic membrane kula bawul
8).Pneumatic piston actuator
9).Bawul mai hanya uku
10).Bawul ɗin karkatar da kyamara
11).Madaidaici ta bawul ɗin wurin zama ɗaya
12).Madaidaicin-ta bawul wurin zama biyu
6. Ka'idar sarrafawa
1).Cascade uniform iko
2).Nitrogen sealing raba kewayon iko
3).Gudanar da tukunyar jirgi
4).Dumama tanderun cascade
5).Ma'aunin zafin wuta
6).Sauƙaƙan sarrafawa iri ɗaya
7).Ikon Uniform
8).Canja wurin kayan aiki
9).Ikon matakin ruwa
10).Ka'idar auna narkakkar karfe tare da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio
Fasalolin kayan aiki:
1. Softwareization
Tare da haɓaka fasahar microelectronics, saurin microprocessors yana samun sauri kuma farashin yana raguwa da raguwa, kuma an yi amfani dashi sosai a cikin kayan aiki, wanda ke sa wasu buƙatu na ainihin lokaci su girma.software don cimma.Hatta matsalolin da yawa waɗanda ke da wuyar warwarewa ko kuma ba za a iya magance su ta hanyar da'irori na hardware ba, ana iya magance su da kyau ta hanyar fasahar software.Haɓaka fasahar sarrafa siginar dijital da kuma yaɗuwar na'urorin sarrafa siginar dijital mai saurin gaske sun haɓaka ƙarfin sarrafa siginar na kayan aikin.Tacewar dijital, FFT, daidaitawa, juzu'i, da sauransu ana amfani da su da yawa hanyoyin sarrafa sigina.Siffar gama gari ita ce manyan ayyuka na algorithm sun haɗa da haɓaka juzu'i da ƙari.Idan waɗannan ayyukan an kammala su ta hanyar software akan kwamfuta mai mahimmanci, lokacin aiki Na'urar sarrafa siginar dijital ta kammala aikin haɓakawa na sama da ƙari ta hanyar kayan aiki, wanda ke haɓaka aikin kayan aikin sosai kuma yana haɓaka fa'idar aikace-aikacen fasahar sarrafa siginar dijital filin kayan aiki.
2. Haɗin kai
Tare da haɓaka fasahar fasahar LSI mai girma da aka haɗa a yau, yawancin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar suna karuwa da girma, ƙarar ƙarami yana ƙara ƙarami, tsarin cikin gida yana ƙara haɓaka, kuma ayyuka suna samun ƙarfi da ƙarfi. , don haka yana inganta kowane nau'i kuma ta haka dukkanin tsarin kayan aiki.na hadewa.Kayan aiki na zamani mai ƙarfi goyon baya ne ga kayan aikin zamani.Yana sa kayan aiki ya fi sauƙi kuma kayan aiki na kayan aiki sun fi dacewa.Misali, lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙara takamaiman aikin gwaji, ƙaramin adadin kayan aikin kayan aiki na yau da kullun yana buƙatar ƙarawa sannan ana iya amfani da software mai dacewa don amfani da wannan kayan aikin.
3. Saitin siga
Tare da haɓaka nau'ikan na'urori masu shirye-shirye na filin daban-daban da fasahohin shirye-shiryen kan layi, sigogi da ma tsarin kayan aikin ba dole ba ne a ƙayyade su a lokacin ƙira, amma ana iya shigar da su kuma a canza su da ƙarfi a fagen da ake amfani da kayan aikin.
4. Gabaɗaya
Kayan aiki na zamani yana jaddada rawar software, zaɓi ɗayan kayan aikin kayan aiki guda ɗaya ko da yawa tare da gama gari don samar da dandamali na kayan aiki na gabaɗaya, kuma yana faɗaɗa ko tsara kayan aiki ko tsarin tare da ayyuka daban-daban ta hanyar kiran software daban-daban.Na'urar za a iya kusan bazuwa zuwa sassa uku:
1) Tarin bayanai;
2) Bincike da sarrafa bayanai;
3) Adana, nuni ko fitarwa.An gina kayan aikin gargajiya ta masana'anta bisa ƙayyadaddun tsari bisa ga ayyukan nau'ikan sassa uku na sama na sama.Gabaɗaya, kayan aiki yana da ayyuka ɗaya ko da yawa.Na'urorin zamani suna haɗa nau'ikan kayan masarufi na gabaɗaya tare da ɗaya ko fiye na ayyuka na sama don ƙirƙirar kowane kayan aiki ta hanyar haɗa software daban-daban.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-21-2022