Ana yawan amfani da na'urorin lantarki, irin su mitoci masu girgiza, multimeters, voltmeters, ammeters, na'urorin auna juriya da nau'in ammeters, da sauransu.Idan waɗannan kayan aikin ba su kula da daidaitaccen hanyar amfani ba ko kuma sun ɗan yi sakaci yayin aunawa, ko dai mitar za ta ƙone, ko kuma tana iya lalata abubuwan da ake gwadawa har ma da haɗarin lafiyar mutum.Don haka, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a ƙware daidai amfani da kayan aikin lantarki na gama gari.Bari mu koya tare da editan Xianji.com!!!
1. Yadda ake amfani da tebur shake
Ana amfani da shaker, wanda kuma aka sani da megohmmeter, don gwada yanayin rufin layi ko kayan lantarki.Amfani da matakan kariya sune kamar haka:
1).Da farko zaɓi abin girgiza wanda ya dace da matakin ƙarfin ƙarfin abin da ake gwadawa.Don kewaya ko kayan lantarki na 500V da ƙasa, ya kamata a yi amfani da girgizar 500V ko 1000V.Don layuka ko kayan lantarki sama da 500V, yakamata a yi amfani da girgizar 1000V ko 2500V.
2).Lokacin gwada rufin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi tare da girgiza, mutane biyu ya kamata su yi.
3).Dole ne a cire haɗin wutar lantarki na layin da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji ko kayan lantarki kafin aunawa, wato, ba a yarda da ma'aunin juriya da wutar lantarki ba.Kuma za a iya aiwatar da shi ne kawai bayan an tabbatar da cewa babu wanda ke aiki akan layi ko kayan lantarki.
4).Wayar mitar da mai girgiza ya yi amfani da ita dole ne ya zama waya mai ƙulli, kuma ba za a yi amfani da wayar da aka murɗa ba.Ƙarshen waya na mita ya kamata ya kasance da sutura mai rufewa;Matsakaicin layin "L" na girgiza ya kamata a haɗa shi zuwa lokacin da aka auna na kayan aiki., Ya kamata a haɗa tashar ƙasa "E" zuwa harsashi na kayan aiki da kuma lokacin da ba a aunawa na kayan aiki ba, kuma a haɗa tashar kariya ta "G" zuwa zoben kariya ko kullin murfin kebul don rage kuskuren ma'auni da ke haifar da shi. da yayyo halin yanzu na rufi surface.
5).Kafin aunawa, ya kamata a aiwatar da daidaitawar da'ira na buɗaɗɗen girgiza.Lokacin da aka sauke tashar “L” da tasha “E” na mai girgiza, mai nunin mai girgiza ya kamata ya nuna “∞”;lokacin da tashar “L” na shaker da tasha “E” ke gajere, mai nunin mai girgiza ya kamata ya nuna “0″”.Yana nuna cewa aikin shaker yana da kyau kuma ana iya amfani dashi.
6).Dole ne a yi ƙasa a ƙasa da kuma fitar da kewaye ko kayan lantarki da aka gwada kafin gwajin.Lokacin gwada layin, dole ne ku sami izinin ɗayan ɓangaren kafin ci gaba.
7).Lokacin aunawa, saurin girgiza hannun mai girgiza ya kamata ya zama daidai 120r / min;bayan kiyaye tsayin daka na tsawon minti 1, ɗauki karatun don guje wa tasirin halin yanzu mai ɗaukar nauyi.
8).Yayin gwajin, kada hannayen biyu su taɓa wayoyi biyu a lokaci guda.
9).Bayan gwajin, yakamata a fara cire dinkin, sannan a daina girgiza agogon.Don hana juyar da cajin kayan aikin lantarki zuwa ga mai girgiza kuma ya haifar da lalacewa.
2. Yadda ake amfani da multimeter
Multimeters na iya auna wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki da dai sauransu, wasu kuma na iya auna wutar lantarki, inductance da capacitance da sauransu, kuma suna daya daga cikin kayan aikin da masu wutar lantarki ke amfani da su.
1).Zaɓin maɓallin tasha (ko jack) yakamata ya zama daidai.Ya kamata a haɗa waya mai haɗa gubar gwajin ja zuwa maɓallin tashar ja (ko jack ɗin da aka yiwa alama “+”), sannan kuma a haɗa waya mai haɗa gubar gwajin baƙar fata (ko jack ɗin da aka yiwa alama “-) ”)., Wasu multimeters an sanye su da AC / DC 2500V maɓallan ma'auni.Lokacin da ake amfani da shi, sandan gwajin baƙar fata har yanzu yana haɗe zuwa maɓallin tashar baƙar fata (ko jack "-"), yayin da sandan gwajin ja yana da alaƙa da maɓallin tashar 2500V (ko a cikin soket).
2).Zaɓin matsayin canjin canja wuri ya kamata ya zama daidai.Juya mai sauyawa zuwa matsayin da ake so bisa ga abin aunawa.Idan an auna halin yanzu, canjin canja wuri ya kamata a juya zuwa fayil ɗin da ya dace daidai da shi, kuma ya kamata a juya ma'aunin wutar lantarki zuwa fayil ɗin ƙarfin lantarki daidai.Wasu bangarori na duniya suna da maɓalli biyu, ɗaya don nau'in ma'auni kuma ɗayan don kewayon auna.Lokacin amfani, yakamata ku fara zaɓar nau'in auna, sannan zaɓi kewayon awo.
3).Ya kamata zaɓin kewayon ya dace.Dangane da madaidaicin kewayon da ake aunawa, juya canjin zuwa kewayon da ya dace don irin wannan.Lokacin auna ƙarfin lantarki ko halin yanzu, yana da kyau a ajiye mai nuni a cikin kewayon rabin zuwa kashi biyu bisa uku na kewayon, kuma karatun ya fi daidai.
4).Karanta daidai.Akwai ma'auni da yawa akan bugun kira na multimeter, waɗanda suka dace da abubuwa daban-daban don auna su.Don haka, lokacin aunawa, lokacin karantawa akan sikelin da ya dace, yakamata kuma a ba da hankali ga daidaita karatun ma'auni da fayil ɗin kewayon don guje wa kurakurai.
5).Daidai amfani da ohm gear.
Da farko, zaɓi kayan haɓaka da ya dace.Lokacin auna juriya, zaɓin kayan haɓaka ya kamata ya zama don mai nuni ya tsaya a cikin ɓangaren bakin ciki na layin sikelin.Mafi kusancin mai nuni zuwa tsakiyar ma'auni, mafi daidaiton karatun shine.Maƙarƙashiyar ta, ƙarancin ingancin karatun zai kasance.
Abu na biyu, kafin auna juriya, ya kamata ka taɓa sandunan gwaji guda biyu tare, kuma kunna "kullin daidaitawa sifili" a lokaci guda, don haka mai nuni kawai ya nuna matsayin sifili na ma'aunin ohmic.Ana kiran wannan matakin daidaitawar sifili ohmic.Duk lokacin da ka canza kayan aikin ohm, maimaita wannan matakin kafin auna juriya don tabbatar da daidaiton ma'aunin.Idan ba za a iya daidaita mai nuni zuwa sifili ba, ƙarfin baturi bai isa ba kuma yana buƙatar sauyawa.
A ƙarshe, kar a auna juriya da wutar lantarki.Lokacin auna juriya, multimeter yana aiki da busassun batura.Ba za a caje juriyar da za a auna ba, don kada ya lalata kan mita.Lokacin amfani da tazarar gear ohm, kar a gajarta sandunan gwaji guda biyu don gujewa bata baturi.
3. Yadda ake amfani da ammeter
An haɗa ammeter a jeri a cikin da'irar da ake aunawa don auna ƙimar sa na yanzu.Dangane da yanayin da aka auna halin yanzu, ana iya raba shi zuwa DC ammeter, AC ammeter da AC-DC ammeter.Musamman amfani shine kamar haka:
1).Tabbatar haɗa ammeter a jeri tare da kewaye da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji.
2).Lokacin auna halin yanzu na DC, kada a haɗa polarity na "+" da "-" na ƙarshen ammeter ba daidai ba, in ba haka ba mita yana iya lalacewa.Ana amfani da ammeter na Magnetoelectric gabaɗaya don auna halin yanzu na DC.
3).Ya kamata a zaɓi kewayon da ya dace bisa ga auna halin yanzu.Don ammeter mai jeri biyu, yana da tashoshi uku.Lokacin amfani da shi, yakamata ku ga alamar kewayon tashar, kuma ku haɗa tasha ta gama gari da kewayon tasha a cikin da'irar da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji.
4).Zaɓi daidaitattun dacewa don saduwa da buƙatun ma'aunin.Ammeter yana da juriya na ciki, ƙananan juriya na ciki, mafi kusa da sakamakon da aka auna shine ainihin ƙimar.Domin inganta daidaiton aunawa, yakamata a yi amfani da ammeter tare da ƙaramin juriya na ciki gwargwadon yiwuwa.
5).Lokacin auna AC halin yanzu tare da babban ƙima, ana amfani da taswira na yanzu don faɗaɗa kewayon ammeter AC.Ƙididdigar halin yanzu na coil na biyu na na'ura mai canzawa gabaɗaya an tsara shi don zama 5 amps, kuma kewayon AC ammeter da aka yi amfani da shi ya kamata ya zama 5 amps.Ƙimar da aka nuna na ammeter ana ninka ta ta hanyar canjin canji na na'ura na yanzu, wanda shine darajar ainihin halin yanzu da aka auna.Lokacin amfani da na'ura mai canzawa, na'urar ta biyu da kuma baƙin ƙarfe na taswirar ya kamata a yi ƙasa a dogara.Bai kamata a shigar da fiusi a ƙarshen coil na biyu ba, kuma an haramta shi sosai buɗe kewaye yayin amfani.
Na hudu, amfani da voltmeter
Ana haɗa voltmeter a layi daya tare da kewaye da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji don auna ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na kewaye da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji.Dangane da yanayin wutar lantarki da aka auna, an raba shi zuwa voltmeter DC, AC voltmeter da AC-DC voltmeter dual-purpose.Musamman amfani shine kamar haka:
1).Tabbatar haɗa voltmeter a layi daya tare da ƙarshen kewayen da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji.
2).Ya kamata kewayon voltmeter ya zama mafi girma fiye da ƙarfin lantarki na kewaye a ƙarƙashin gwaji don guje wa lalacewa ga voltmeter.
3).Lokacin amfani da magnetoelectric voltmeter don auna ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC, kula da alamun "+" da "-" polarity a kan tashoshi na voltmeter.
4).Voltmeter yana da juriya na ciki.Mafi girman juriya na ciki, mafi kusancin sakamakon da aka auna shine ainihin ƙimar.Don inganta daidaiton ma'auni, ya kamata a yi amfani da voltmeter tare da juriya mai girma na ciki gwargwadon yiwuwa.
5).Yi amfani da wutar lantarki lokacin da ake auna babban ƙarfin lantarki.Babban coil na na'urar wutar lantarki ana haɗa shi da kewaye da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji a layi daya, kuma ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na na'ura na biyu shine volt 100, wanda aka haɗa da voltmeter mai kewayon 100 volts.Ƙimar da aka nuna na voltmeter tana ƙaruwa ta hanyar canjin canjin wutar lantarki, wanda shine ƙimar ainihin ƙarfin lantarki da aka auna.A lokacin aikin na'urar wutar lantarki, ya kamata a hana coil na biyu daga gajeriyar kewayawa, kuma yawanci ana saita fiusi a cikin coil na biyu azaman kariya.
5. Yadda ake amfani da kayan auna juriya na ƙasa
Juriya na ƙasa yana nufin juriya na ƙasa da juriya na watsar ƙasa da aka binne a cikin ƙasa.Hanyar amfani shine kamar haka:
1).Cire haɗin hanyar haɗin tsakanin babban layin ƙasa da jikin ƙasa, ko cire haɗin wuraren haɗin duk layin reshen ƙasa akan babban layin ƙasa.
2).Saka sandunan ƙasa guda biyu a cikin ƙasa mai zurfin 400mm, ɗayan yana da nisan mita 40 daga jikin ƙasa, ɗayan kuma yana da nisan mita 20 daga jikin ƙasa.
3).Sanya mai girgiza a wani wuri mai lebur kusa da jikin da ke ƙasa, sannan haɗa shi.
(1) Yi amfani da waya mai haɗawa don haɗa tarin igiyoyin waya E akan tebur da jikin E' na na'urar ƙasa.
(2) Yi amfani da waya mai haɗawa don haɗa tashar tashar C akan tebur da sandar ƙasa C' 40m nesa da jikin ƙasa.
(3) Yi amfani da waya mai haɗawa don haɗa wurin haɗin P akan tebur da sandar ƙasa P' 20m nesa da jikin ƙasa.
4).Dangane da buƙatun juriya na ƙasa na jikin ƙasa da za a gwada, daidaita kullin daidaitawa (akwai jeri guda uku masu daidaitawa a saman).
5).Girgiza agogon daidai gwargwado a kusan 120 rpm.Lokacin da hannun ya karkata, daidaita bugun kirar daidaitawa mai kyau har sai hannun ya kasance a tsakiya.Haɓaka saitin karatun ta hanyar bugun kiran daidaitawa mai kyau ta wurin daidaitawa da yawa, wanda shine juriya na ƙasa na ƙasa da za a auna.Misali, karatun daidaitawa mai kyau shine 0.6, kuma matsakaicin juriya mai daidaitawa da yawa shine 10, sannan auna juriya na ƙasa shine 6Ω.
6).Domin tabbatar da amincin ma'aunin juriya na ƙasa, ya kamata a sake yin aunawa ta hanyar canza yanayin.Ɗauki matsakaicin ƙima na ma'auni da yawa azaman juriya na ƙasa na jikin ƙasa.
6. Yadda ake amfani da mitar matsa
Mitar matsawa wani abu ne da ake amfani da shi don auna girman na yanzu a cikin layin lantarki mai gudana, kuma yana iya auna halin yanzu ba tare da katsewa ba.Mitar manne da gaske ta ƙunshi na'ura mai canzawa na yanzu, madaidaicin maƙalli da nau'in mai gyara na'urar magnetoelectric tsarin amsawar ƙarfi.Musamman hanyoyin amfani sune kamar haka:
1).Ana buƙatar daidaita sifilin injina kafin aunawa
2).Zaɓi kewayon da ya dace, da farko zaɓi babban kewayo, sannan zaɓi ƙaramin kewayo ko duba ƙimar farantin suna don kimantawa.
3).Lokacin da aka yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin ma'auni, kuma karatun ba a bayyane ba, wayar da ke ƙarƙashin gwajin za a iya raunata wasu ƙananan juzu'i, kuma adadin juyi ya kamata ya dogara ne akan adadin juyawa a tsakiyar jaw, sannan karantawa = ƙimar da aka nuna × kewayon/cikakkiyar karkata × adadin juyi
4).Lokacin aunawa, jagorar da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji ya kamata ya kasance a tsakiyar jaws, kuma ya kamata a rufe jaws sosai don rage kurakurai.
5).Bayan an gama ma'auni, ya kamata a sanya canjin canja wuri a mafi yawan kewayo.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-21-2022